web-infra-dev · GiveMe-A-Name · Mar 25, 2026 · Mar 25, 2026 · Mar 25, 2026 · Mar 25, 2026
diff --git a/.changeset/icy-ravens-draw.md b/.changeset/icy-ravens-draw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+'@modern-js/app-tools': patch
+'@modern-js/plugin': patch
+'@modern-js/utils': patch
+'@modern-js/server-core': patch
+---
+
+feat: add --env-dir support across dev/build/serve
+feat: 给 dev/build/serve 支持 --env-dir
diff --git a/packages/document/docs/en/apis/app/commands.mdx b/packages/document/docs/en/apis/app/commands.mdx
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Usage: modern dev [options]
 Options:
   -e --entry <entry>    compiler by entry
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, which can be a relative or absolute path
+  --env-dir <dir>       specify the directory containing .env files
   -h, --help            show command help
   --web-only            only start web service
   --api-only            only start API service
@@ -76,10 +77,29 @@ Usage: modern build [options]
 
 Options:
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, which can be a relative or absolute path
+  --env-dir <dir>       specify the directory containing .env files
   -h, --help            show command help
   -w --watch            turn on watch mode, watch for changes and rebuild
 ```
 
+### Specify Environment Directory
+
+You can use `--env-dir` to load `.env` files from a custom directory instead of the project root.
+
+```bash
+# Load from <projectRoot>/env/.env and .env.development
+modern dev --env-dir ./env
+
+# Load from <projectRoot>/env/.env and .env.production
+modern build --env-dir ./env
+modern serve --env-dir ./env
+modern deploy --env-dir ./env
+```
+
+By default, Modern.js still loads `.env*` from the project root when this option is not provided.
+
+The path of `--env-dir` is resolved relative to the project root.
+
 ## modern new
 
 The `modern new` command is used to enable features in an existing project.
@@ -133,6 +153,8 @@ import ServeCommand from '@site-docs-en/components/serve-command';
 
 <ServeCommand />
 
+`modern serve` also supports `--env-dir <dir>` to load `.env*` from a custom directory.
+
 ## modern upgrade
 
 Execute the command `npx modern upgrade` in the project, by default, dependencies in the `package.json` are updated to the latest version.

diff --git a/packages/document/docs/en/components/deploy-command.mdx b/packages/document/docs/en/components/deploy-command.mdx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Usage: modern deploy [options]
 
 Options:
   -c --config <config>  Specify configuration file path, either relative or absolute
+  --env-dir <dir>       Specify the directory containing .env files
   -s --skip-build       Skip the build stage
   -h, --help            Display command help
 ```

diff --git a/packages/document/docs/zh/apis/app/commands.mdx b/packages/document/docs/zh/apis/app/commands.mdx
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Usage: modern dev [options]
 Options:
   -e --entry <entry>    指定入口，只编译特定的页面
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --env-dir <dir>       指定 .env 文件所在目录
   -h, --help            显示命令帮助
   --web-only            仅启动 Web 服务
   --api-only            仅启动 API 接口服务
@@ -76,10 +77,29 @@ Usage: modern build [options]
 
 Options:
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --env-dir <dir>       指定 .env 文件所在目录
   -h, --help  显示命令帮助
   -w --watch  开启 watch 模式, 监听文件变更并重新构建
 ```
 
+### 指定环境变量目录
+
+你可以通过 `--env-dir` 指定 `.env` 文件目录，而不是默认从项目根目录读取。
+
+```bash
+# 从 <projectRoot>/env/.env 和 .env.development 加载
+modern dev --env-dir ./env
+
+# 从 <projectRoot>/env/.env 和 .env.production 加载
+modern build --env-dir ./env
+modern serve --env-dir ./env
+modern deploy --env-dir ./env
+```
+
+当未传入该参数时，Modern.js 仍会默认从项目根目录加载 `.env*`。
+
+`--env-dir` 的路径相对于项目根目录解析。
+
 ## modern new
 
 `modern new` 命令用于在已有项目中添加项目元素。
@@ -133,6 +153,8 @@ import ServeCommand from '@site-docs/components/serve-command';
 
 <ServeCommand />
 
+`modern serve` 同样支持 `--env-dir <dir>`，用于从指定目录加载 `.env*` 文件。
+
 ## modern upgrade
 
 在项目根目录下执行命令 `npx modern upgrade`，会默认将当前执行命令项目的 `package.json` 中的 Modern.js 相关依赖更新至最新版本。

diff --git a/packages/document/docs/zh/components/deploy-command.mdx b/packages/document/docs/zh/components/deploy-command.mdx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Usage: modern deploy [options]
 
 Options:
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --env-dir <dir>       指定 .env 文件所在目录
   -s --skip-build       跳过构建阶段
   -h, --help            显示命令帮助
 ```

diff --git a/packages/server/core/src/adapters/node/helper/loadEnv.ts b/packages/server/core/src/adapters/node/helper/loadEnv.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 import path from 'path';
-import { fs, dotenv, dotenvExpand } from '@modern-js/utils';
+import {
+  fs,
+  dotenv,
+  dotenvExpand,
+  resolveInsideOrFallback,
+} from '@modern-js/utils';
 import type { ServerBaseOptions } from '../../../serverBase';
 
 /** 读取 .env.{process.env.MODERN_ENV} 文件，加载环境变量 */
 export async function loadServerEnv(options: ServerBaseOptions) {
-  const { pwd } = options;
+  const { pwd, envDir } = options;
   const serverEnv = process.env.MODERN_ENV;
-  const defaultEnvPath = path.resolve(pwd, `.env`);
-  const serverEnvPath = path.resolve(pwd, `.env.${serverEnv}`);
+  const envDirectory = resolveInsideOrFallback(pwd, envDir, pwd);
+  const defaultEnvPath = path.resolve(envDirectory, `.env`);
+  const serverEnvPath = path.resolve(envDirectory, `.env.${serverEnv}`);
 
   if (
     (await fs.pathExists(defaultEnvPath)) &&

diff --git a/packages/server/core/tests/adapters/loadEnv.test.ts b/packages/server/core/tests/adapters/loadEnv.test.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { loadServerEnv } from '../../src/adapters/node';
 
 describe('test load serve env file', () => {
   const pwd = path.resolve(__dirname, '../fixtures', 'serverEnv');
+  const envPwd = path.resolve(__dirname, '../fixtures', 'serverEnvDir');
 
   it('should load env correctly', async () => {
     await loadServerEnv({
@@ -37,4 +38,32 @@ describe('test load serve env file', () => {
     delete process.env.USER_NAME;
     delete process.env.ENV;
   });
+
+  it('should load env from custom envDir', async () => {
+    process.env.MODERN_ENV = 'prod';
+    await loadServerEnv({
+      pwd: envPwd,
+      envDir: 'env',
+    } as any);
+
+    expect(process.env.USER_NAME).toBe('dir_prod_root');
+    expect(process.env.ENV).toBe('dir_prod');
+
+    delete process.env.USER_NAME;
+    delete process.env.ENV;
+  });
+
+  it('should fallback to pwd when envDir escapes root', async () => {
+    process.env.MODERN_ENV = 'prod';
+    await loadServerEnv({
+      pwd,
+      envDir: '../serverEnvDir/env',
+    } as any);
+
+    expect(process.env.USER_NAME).toBe('prod_root');
+    expect(process.env.ENV).toBe('prod');
+
+    delete process.env.USER_NAME;
+    delete process.env.ENV;
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/server/core/tests/fixtures/serverEnvDir/env/.env b/packages/server/core/tests/fixtures/serverEnvDir/env/.env
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+USER_NAME=dir_root
diff --git a/packages/server/core/tests/fixtures/serverEnvDir/env/.env.prod b/packages/server/core/tests/fixtures/serverEnvDir/env/.env.prod
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+USER_NAME=dir_prod_root
+ENV=dir_prod
diff --git a/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/commands/build.ts b/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/commands/build.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,71 @@
 import path from 'node:path';
 import type { CLIPluginAPI } from '@modern-js/plugin';
-import { fs, type Alias, logger } from '@modern-js/utils';
+import {
+  fs,
+  type Alias,
+  isPathInside,
+  logger,
+  resolveInsideOrFallback,
+} from '@modern-js/utils';
 import type { ConfigChain } from '@rsbuild/core';
 import type { AppTools } from '../types';
 import { loadServerPlugins } from '../utils/loadPlugins';
 import { setupTsRuntime } from '../utils/register';
 import { generateRoutes } from '../utils/routes';
 import type { BuildOptions } from '../utils/types';
 
+function getSafeDistTarget(
+  distDirectory: string,
+  envDir: string | undefined,
+  envFile: string,
+): string {
+  if (!envDir) {
+    return path.resolve(distDirectory, envFile);
+  }
+
+  const resolvedTargetPath = path.resolve(distDirectory, envDir, envFile);
+  if (!isPathInside(distDirectory, resolvedTargetPath)) {
+    logger.warn(
+      `The env directory ${envDir} is outside dist directory, fallback to dist root`,
+    );
+    return path.resolve(distDirectory, envFile);
+  }
+
+  return resolvedTargetPath;
+}
+
 async function copyEnvFiles(
   appDirectory: string,
   distDirectory: string,
+  envDir?: string,
 ): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const files = await fs.readdir(appDirectory);
+    const envDirectory = resolveInsideOrFallback(
+      appDirectory,
+      envDir,
+      appDirectory,
+    );
+    if (
+      envDir &&
+      !isPathInside(appDirectory, path.resolve(appDirectory, envDir))
+    ) {
+      logger.warn(
+        `The env directory ${envDir} is outside project root, fallback to project root`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!(await fs.pathExists(envDirectory))) {
+      logger.debug(`Env directory does not exist: ${envDirectory}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const envDirectoryStat = await fs.stat(envDirectory);
+    if (!envDirectoryStat.isDirectory()) {
+      logger.debug(`Env path is not a directory: ${envDirectory}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const files = await fs.readdir(envDirectory);
 
     const envFileRegex = /^\.env(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)*$/;
     const envFiles = files.filter(file => envFileRegex.test(file));
@@ -24,8 +76,8 @@ async function copyEnvFiles(
     }
 
     const copyPromises = envFiles.map(async envFile => {
-      const sourcePath = path.resolve(appDirectory, envFile);
-      const targetPath = path.resolve(distDirectory, envFile);
+      const sourcePath = path.resolve(envDirectory, envFile);
+      const targetPath = getSafeDistTarget(distDirectory, envDir, envFile);
 
       try {
         const stat = await fs.stat(sourcePath);
@@ -113,7 +165,11 @@ export const build = async (
     );
   }
   await appContext.builder.onAfterBuild(async () => {
-    return copyEnvFiles(appContext.appDirectory, appContext.distDirectory);
+    return copyEnvFiles(
+      appContext.appDirectory,
+      appContext.distDirectory,
+      options?.envDir,
+    );
   });
   await appContext.builder.build({
     watch: options?.watch,

diff --git a/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/commands/index.ts b/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/commands/index.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import type {
   DevOptions,
   InfoOptions,
   InspectOptions,
+  StartOptions,
 } from '../utils/types';
 
 export const devCommand = async (
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ export const devCommand = async (
     .usage('[options]')
     .description(i18n.t(localeKeys.command.dev.describe))
     .option('-c --config <config>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.config))
+    .option('--env-dir <dir>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.envDir))
     .option('-e --entry [entry...]', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.dev.entry))
     .option('--analyze', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.analyze))
     .option('--api-only', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.dev.apiOnly))
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ export const buildCommand = async (
     .usage('[options]')
     .description(i18n.t(localeKeys.command.build.describe))
     .option('-c --config <config>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.config))
+    .option('--env-dir <dir>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.envDir))
     .option('--analyze', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.analyze))
     .option('-w --watch', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.build.watch))
     .action(async (options: BuildOptions) => {
@@ -57,9 +60,10 @@ export const serverCommand = (
     .description(i18n.t(localeKeys.command.serve.describe))
     .option('--api-only', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.dev.apiOnly))
     .option('-c --config <config>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.config))
-    .action(async () => {
+    .option('--env-dir <dir>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.envDir))
+    .action(async (options: StartOptions) => {
       const { serve } = await import('./serve.js');
-      await serve(api);
+      await serve(api, options);
     });
 };
 
@@ -71,12 +75,13 @@ export const deployCommand = (
     .command('deploy')
     .usage('[options]')
     .option('-c --config <config>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.config))
+    .option('--env-dir <dir>', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.envDir))
     .option('-s --skip-build', i18n.t(localeKeys.command.shared.skipBuild))
     .description(i18n.t(localeKeys.command.deploy.describe))
     .action(async (options: DeployOptions) => {
       if (!options.skipBuild) {
         const { build } = await import('./build.js');
-        await build(api);
+        await build(api, options);
       }
 
       const { deploy } = await import('./deploy.js');

diff --git a/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/commands/serve.ts b/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/commands/serve.ts
@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@ import {
 import type { AppNormalizedConfig, AppTools } from '../types';
 import { loadServerPlugins } from '../utils/loadPlugins';
 import { printInstructions } from '../utils/printInstructions';
+import type { StartOptions } from '../utils/types';
 
 type ExtraServerOptions = {
   launcher?: typeof createProdServer;
 };
 
 export const serve = async (
   api: CLIPluginAPI<AppTools>,
+  options?: StartOptions,
   serverOptions?: ExtraServerOptions,
 ) => {
   const appContext = api.getAppContext();
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ export const serve = async (
           ),
       bffRuntimeFramework: appContext.bffRuntimeFramework,
     },
+    envDir: options?.envDir,
     runMode,
   });
 

diff --git a/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/locale/en.ts b/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/locale/en.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ export const EN_LOCALE = {
         'specify the configuration file, which can be a relative or absolute path',
       skipBuild: 'skip the build phase',
       noNeedInstall: 'not run install command',
+      envDir: 'specify the directory containing .env files',
     },
     dev: {
       describe: 'starting the dev server',

diff --git a/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/locale/zh.ts b/packages/solutions/app-tools/src/locale/zh.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export const ZH_LOCALE = {
       config: '指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径',
       skipBuild: '跳过构建阶段',
       noNeedInstall: '无需安装依赖',
+      envDir: '指定 .env 文件所在目录',
     },
     dev: {
       describe: '启动开发服务器',