This is a group project by

Ifeanyi, Ada and Eze, Ihendu Praise.

printf in C language is used to format and output contents to the standard output. The printf function can take a single argument. it can also take several aguments and it takes the format

int printf (char *format, arg1, arg2, ...).

The are two types of printf objects:

1. The Ordinary Character: The ordinary character object copies strings of characters to the output stream

2. COnversion Specification objects: These objects are employed to convert and print the arguments of the printf function. The conversion specifiction object begins with a % sign and ends with a conversion character ( i, d, s, p, o, g, G, x, X, f, etc). For proper formatting, there are several operations that can be used to specify how the string should appear on the standard output by putting a cahracter between the % and the conversion character we can have the following in ordeer:

• a. minus sign (-): It specifies the left adjustment of the convertes argument
• b. a number: The number denotes the field width of the intended string for formatting
• c. a period (.): It separates the field width from the precision
• d. another number: The precision that specifies the minimum field width

Examples are shown below:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "Hello, world";
printf("%s:\n", str);
printf("%5s:\n", str);
printf("%.12s:\n", str);
printf("%-12s:\n", str);
printf("%.20s:\n", str);
printf("%-20s:\n", str);
printf("%20.10s:\n", str);
printf("%-20.10s:\n", str);

return (0);
}

the output of this code is as follows:

Hello, world:
Hello, world:
Hello, world:
Hello, world:
Hello, world:
Hello, world        :
          Hello, wor:
	  Hello, wor

  THE PROJECT:

This project involves writing our own printf function that can format inputs and pritn out the desired output to the standard out. The project tasks are as follows:

Task 0: Write a function that produces output according to a format.

Prototype: int _printf(const char *format, ...); Returns: the number of characters printed (excluding the null byte used to end output to strings) write output to stdout, the standard output stream format is a character string. The format string is composed of zero or more directives. See man 3 printf for more detail. You need to handle the following conversion specifiers: c s % You don’t have to reproduce the buffer handling of the C library printf function You don’t have to handle the flag characters You don’t have to handle field width You don’t have to handle precision You don’t have to handle the length modifiers

Task 1: Handle the following conversion specifiers:

d i You don’t have to handle the flag characters You don’t have to handle field width You don’t have to handle precision You don’t have to handle the length modifiers

Task 2: Handle the following custom conversion specifiers:

b: the unsigned int argument is converted to binary

COLLABORATION:

Collaboration among the participating group members is key in the project. Each member is meant tohave near equal effort by a minimum push rate of 60-40 % of the push effort.