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Instrument usage stack v10 with context#48

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lfittl wants to merge 9 commits intomasterfrom
instrument-usage-stack-v10-with-context
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Instrument usage stack v10 with context#48
lfittl wants to merge 9 commits intomasterfrom
instrument-usage-stack-v10-with-context

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@lfittl lfittl commented Mar 23, 2026

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@lfittl lfittl force-pushed the instrument-usage-stack-v10-with-context branch 3 times, most recently from 700221c to 0c3c6f3 Compare March 24, 2026 05:30
lfittl added 9 commits March 23, 2026 22:56
Introduce TriggerInstrumentation to capture trigger timing and firings
(previously counted in "ntuples"), to aid a future refactoring that
splits out all Instrumentation fields beyond timing and WAL/buffers into
more specific structs.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by:
Discussion:
Previously different places (e.g. query "total time") were repurposing
the Instrumentation struct initially introduced for capturing per-node
statistics during execution. This overuse of the same struct is confusing,
e.g. by cluttering calls of InstrStartNode/InstrStopNode in unrelated
code paths, and prevents future refactorings.

Instead, simplify the Instrumentation struct to only track time and
WAL/buffer usage. Similarly, drop the use of InstrEndLoop outside of
per-node instrumentation - these calls were added without any apparent
benefit since the relevant fields were never read.

Introduce the NodeInstrumentation struct to carry forward the per-node
instrumentation information. WorkerInstrumentation is renamed to
WorkerNodeInstrumentation for clarity.

In passing, drop the "n" argument to InstrAlloc, as all remaining callers
need exactly one Instrumentation struct.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by:
Discussion:
…ith INSTR_* macros

This encapsulates the ownership of these globals better, and will allow
a subsequent refactoring.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAP53PkzZ3UotnRrrnXWAv%3DF4avRq9MQ8zU%2BbxoN9tpovEu6fGQ%40mail.gmail.com#fc7140e8af21e07a90a09d7e76b300c4
This adds regression tests that cover some of the expected behaviour
around the buffer statistics reported in EXPLAIN ANALYZE, specifically
how they behave in parallel query, nested function calls and abort
situations.

Testing this is challenging because there can be different sources of
buffer activity, so we rely on temporary tables where we can to prove
that activity was captured and not lost. This supports a future commit
that will rework some of the instrumentation logic that could cause
areas covered by these tests to fail.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by:
Discussion:
Previously, in order to determine the buffer/WAL usage of a given code
section, we utilized continuously incrementing global counters that get
updated when the actual activity (e.g. shared block read) occurred, and
then calculated a diff when the code section ended. This resulted in a
bottleneck for executor node instrumentation specifically, with the
function BufferUsageAccumDiff showing up in profiles and in some cases
adding up to 10% overhead to an EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) run.

Instead, introduce a stack-based mechanism, where the actual activity
writes into the current stack entry. In the case of executor nodes, this
means that each node gets its own stack entry that is pushed at
InstrStartNode, and popped at InstrEndNode. Stack entries are zero
initialized (avoiding the diff mechanism) and get added to their parent
entry when they are finalized, i.e. no more modifications can occur.

To correctly handle abort situations, any use of instrumentation stacks
must involve either a top-level QueryInstrumentation struct, and its
associated InstrQueryStart/InstrQueryStop helpers (which use resource
owners to handle aborts), or the Instrumentation struct itself with
dedicated PG_TRY/PG_FINALLY calls that ensure the stack is in a
consistent state after an abort.

This also drops the global pgBufferUsage, any callers interested in
measuring buffer activity should instead utilize InstrStart/InstrStop.

The related global pgWalUsage is kept for now due to its use in pgstat
to track aggregate WAL activity and heap_page_prune_and_freeze for
measuring FPIs.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <zsolt.parragi@percona.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAP53PkxrmpECzVFpeeEEHDGe6u625s%2BYkmVv5-gw3L_NDSfbiA%40mail.gmail.com#cb583a08e8e096aa1f093bb178906173
This simplifies the DSM allocations a bit since we don't need to
separately allocate WAL and buffer usage, and allows the easier future
addition of a third stack-based struct being discussed.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by:
Discussion:
For most queries, the bulk of the overhead of EXPLAIN ANALYZE happens in
ExecProcNodeInstr when starting/stopping instrumentation for that node.

Previously each ExecProcNodeInstr would check which instrumentation
options are active in the InstrStartNode/InstrStopNode calls, and do the
corresponding work (timers, instrumentation stack, etc.). These
conditionals being checked for each tuple being emitted add up, and cause
non-optimal set of instructions to be generated by the compiler.

Because we already have an existing mechanism to specify a function
pointer when instrumentation is enabled, we can instead create specialized
functions that are tailored to the instrumentation options enabled, and
avoid conditionals on subsequent ExecProcNodeInstr calls. This results in
the overhead for EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, BUFFERS OFF) for a stress
test with a large COUNT(*) that does many ExecProcNode calls from ~ 20% on
top of actual runtime to ~ 3%. When using BUFFERS ON the same query goes
from ~ 20% to ~ 10% on top of actual runtime.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <zsolt.parragi@percona.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAP53PkxFP7i7-wy98ZmEJ11edYq-RrPvJoa4kzGhBBjERA4Nyw%40mail.gmail.com#e8dfd018a07d7f8d41565a079d40c564
This sets up a separate instrumentation stack that is used whilst an
Index Scan or Index Only Scan does scanning on the table, for example due
to additional data being needed.

EXPLAIN ANALYZE will now show "Table Buffers" that represent such activity.
The activity is also included in regular "Buffers" together with index
activity and that of any child nodes.

Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Suggested-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <zsolt.parragi@percona.com>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAP53PkxrmpECzVFpeeEEHDGe6u625s%2BYkmVv5-gw3L_NDSfbiA%40mail.gmail.com#cb583a08e8e096aa1f093bb178906173
This is intended for testing instrumentation related logic as it pertains
to the top level stack that is maintained as a running total. There is
currently no in-core user that utilizes the top-level values in this
manner, and especially during abort situations this helps ensure we don't
lose activity due to incorrect handling of unfinalized node stacks.
@lfittl lfittl force-pushed the instrument-usage-stack-v10-with-context branch from 0c3c6f3 to 7f30bab Compare March 24, 2026 05:57
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