feat(bigframes): support output_mode for ai.classify

packages/bigframes/bigframes/bigquery/_operations/ai.py

@@ -842,9 +842,12 @@ def classify(
     input: PROMPT_TYPE,
     categories: tuple[str, ...] | list[str],
     *,
-    examples: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    examples: list[tuple[str, str]]
+    | list[tuple[str, list[str] | tuple[str, ...]]]
+    | None = None,
     connection_id: str | None = None,
     endpoint: str | None = None,
+    output_mode: Literal["single", "multi"] | None = None,
     optimization_mode: Literal["minimize_cost", "maximize_quality"] | None = None,
     max_error_ratio: float | None = None,
 ) -> series.Series:
@@ -870,17 +873,21 @@ def classify(
             or pandas Series.
         categories (tuple[str, ...] | list[str]):
             Categories to classify the input into.
-        examples (list[tuple[str, str]], optional):
+        examples (list[tuple[str, str]] | list[tuple[str, list[str] | tuple[str, ...]]], optional):
             An array that contains representative examples of input strings and the output category
-            that you expect. You can provide examples to help the model understand your
-            intended threshold for a condition with nuanced or subjective logic. We recommend providing at most 5 examples.
+            that you expect. If ``output_mode`` is ``multi``, each example output must be a list or tuple of strings.
+            You can provide examples to help the model understand your intended threshold for a condition with nuanced
+            or subjective logic. We recommend providing at most 5 examples.
         connection_id (str, optional):
             Specifies the connection to use to communicate with the model. For example, ``myproject.us.myconnection``.
             If not provided, the query uses your end-user credential.
         endpoint (str, optional):
             A STRING value that specifies the Vertex AI endpoint to use for the model. You can specify any
             generally available or preview Gemini model. If you specify the model name, BigQuery ML automatically
             identifies and uses the full endpoint of the model.
+        output_mode (Literal["single", "multi"], optional):
+            A STRING value that indicates whether a single input can be classified into multiple categories.
+            Supported values are ``single`` and ``multi``.
         optimization_mode (Literal["minimize_cost", "maximize_quality"], optional):
             A STRING value that specifies the optimization strategy to use. Supported values are ``minimize_cost``
             and ``maximize_quality``.
@@ -890,20 +897,27 @@ def classify(
             This argument isn't supported when ``optimization_mode`` is set to ``minimize_cost``.
 
     Returns:
-        bigframes.series.Series: A new series of strings.
+        bigframes.series.Series: A new series of strings (or a series of arrays of strings if ``output_mode`` is specified).
     """
 
     prompt_context, series_list = _separate_context_and_series(input)
     assert len(series_list) > 0
 
-    example_tuples = tuple(examples) if examples is not None else None
+    if examples is not None:
+        example_tuples: Any = tuple(
+            (ex[0], tuple(ex[1]) if isinstance(ex[1], (list, tuple)) else ex[1])
+            for ex in examples
+        )
+    else:
+        example_tuples = None
 
     operator = ai_ops.AIClassify(
         prompt_context=tuple(prompt_context),
         categories=tuple(categories),
         examples=example_tuples,
         connection_id=connection_id,
         endpoint=endpoint,
+        output_mode=output_mode,
         optimization_mode=_upper_optional(optimization_mode),
         max_error_ratio=max_error_ratio,
     )

packages/bigframes/bigframes/core/compile/ibis_compiler/scalar_op_registry.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 import functools
 import typing
-from typing import cast
+from typing import cast, Any
 
 import bigframes_vendored.ibis.expr.api as ibis_api
 import bigframes_vendored.ibis.expr.datatypes as ibis_dtypes
@@ -1999,6 +1999,7 @@ def ai_classify(
         _construct_examples(op.examples),  # type: ignore
         op.connection_id,  # type: ignore
         op.endpoint,  # type: ignore
+        op.output_mode,  # type: ignore
         op.optimization_mode,  # type: ignore
         op.max_error_ratio,  # type: ignore
     ).to_expr()
@@ -2045,20 +2046,19 @@ def _construct_prompt(
 
 
 def _construct_examples(
-    examples: tuple[tuple[str, str]] | None,
+    examples: tuple[tuple[str, str | tuple[str, ...]], ...] | None,
 ) -> ibis_types.ArrayValue | None:
     if examples is None:
         return None
 
     results: list[ibis_types.StructValue] = []
 
     for example in examples:
-        ibis_example = ibis.struct(
-            {
-                "_field_1": example[0],
-                "_field_2": example[1],
-            }
-        )
+        value: Any = example[1]
+        if isinstance(example[1], (list, tuple)):
+            value = list(example[1])
+
+        ibis_example = ibis.struct({"_field_1": example[0], "_field_2": value})
         results.append(ibis_example)
 
     return ibis.array(results)

packages/bigframes/bigframes/core/compile/sqlglot/expressions/ai_ops.py

@@ -140,12 +140,17 @@ def _construct_named_args(op: ops.ScalarOp) -> list[sge.Kwarg]:
                 )
             )
         elif field == "examples":
-            example_expressions = [
-                sge.Tuple(
-                    expressions=[sge.Literal.string(key), sge.Literal.string(val)]
+            example_expressions = []
+            for key, val in value:
+                if isinstance(val, (list, tuple)):
+                    val_expr: sge.Array | sge.Literal = sge.array(
+                        *[sge.Literal.string(v) for v in val]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    val_expr = sge.Literal.string(val)
+                example_expressions.append(
+                    sge.Tuple(expressions=[sge.Literal.string(key), val_expr])
                 )
-                for key, val in value
-            ]
             args.append(
                 sge.Kwarg(this=field, expression=sge.array(*example_expressions))
             )

packages/bigframes/bigframes/operations/ai_ops.py

@@ -160,13 +160,18 @@ class AIClassify(base_ops.NaryOp):
 
     prompt_context: Tuple[str | None, ...]
     categories: tuple[str, ...]
-    examples: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] | None = None
+    examples: (
+        tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] | tuple[tuple[str, tuple[str, ...]], ...] | None
+    ) = None
     connection_id: str | None = None
     endpoint: str | None = None
+    output_mode: str | None = None
     optimization_mode: str | None = None
     max_error_ratio: float | None = None
 
     def output_type(self, *input_types: dtypes.ExpressionType) -> dtypes.ExpressionType:
+        if self.output_mode is not None:
+            return dtypes.list_type(dtypes.STRING_DTYPE)
         return dtypes.STRING_DTYPE
 
 

packages/bigframes/tests/system/small/bigquery/test_ai.py

@@ -336,6 +336,17 @@ def test_ai_classify_with_examples(session):
     assert result.dtype == dtypes.STRING_DTYPE
 
 
+def test_ai_classify_output_mode(session, bq_connection):
+    s = bpd.Series(["cat", "orchid"], session=session)
+
+    result = bbq.ai.classify(
+        s, ["animal", "plant"], output_mode="multi", examples=[("dog", ["animal"])]
+    )
+
+    assert len(result) == len(s)
+    assert result.dtype == dtypes.list_type(dtypes.STRING_DTYPE)
+
+
 def test_ai_classify_multi_model(session, bq_connection):
     df = session.from_glob_path(
         "gs://bigframes-dev-testing/a_multimodal/images/*",

packages/bigframes/tests/unit/core/compile/sqlglot/expressions/snapshots/test_ai_ops/test_ai_classify_multi_with_list_examples/out.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+SELECT
+  AI.CLASSIFY(
+    input => (`string_col`),
+    categories => ['greeting', 'rejection'],
+    examples => [('hi', ['greeting', 'positive']), ('bye', ['rejection', 'negative'])],
+    output_mode => 'multi'
+  ) AS `result`
+FROM `bigframes-dev`.`sqlglot_test`.`scalar_types` AS `bft_0`

packages/bigframes/tests/unit/core/compile/sqlglot/expressions/snapshots/test_ai_ops/test_ai_classify_with_output_mode/out.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+SELECT
+  AI.CLASSIFY(
+    input => (`string_col`),
+    categories => ['greeting', 'rejection'],
+    output_mode => 'multi'
+  ) AS `result`
+FROM `bigframes-dev`.`sqlglot_test`.`scalar_types` AS `bft_0`

packages/bigframes/tests/unit/core/compile/sqlglot/expressions/test_ai_ops.py

@@ -363,6 +363,41 @@ def test_ai_classify_with_params(scalar_types_df: dataframe.DataFrame, snapshot)
     snapshot.assert_match(sql, "out.sql")
 
 
+def test_ai_classify_with_output_mode(scalar_types_df: dataframe.DataFrame, snapshot):
+    col_name = "string_col"
+
+    op = ops.AIClassify(
+        prompt_context=(None,),
+        categories=("greeting", "rejection"),
+        output_mode="multi",
+    )
+
+    sql = utils._apply_ops_to_sql(scalar_types_df, [op.as_expr(col_name)], ["result"])
+
+    snapshot.assert_match(sql, "out.sql")
+
+
+def test_ai_classify_multi_with_list_examples(
+    scalar_types_df: dataframe.DataFrame, snapshot
+):
+    col_name = "string_col"
+
+    examples = (
+        ("hi", ("greeting", "positive")),
+        ("bye", ("rejection", "negative")),
+    )
+    op = ops.AIClassify(
+        prompt_context=(None,),
+        categories=("greeting", "rejection"),
+        examples=examples,
+        output_mode="multi",
+    )
+
+    sql = utils._apply_ops_to_sql(scalar_types_df, [op.as_expr(col_name)], ["result"])
+
+    snapshot.assert_match(sql, "out.sql")
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("connection_id", [None, CONNECTION_ID])
 def test_ai_score(scalar_types_df: dataframe.DataFrame, snapshot, connection_id):
     col_name = "string_col"

packages/bigframes/third_party/bigframes_vendored/ibis/expr/operations/ai_ops.py

@@ -158,13 +158,16 @@ class AIClassify(Value):
     examples: Optional[Value]
     connection_id: Optional[Value[dt.String]]
     endpoint: Optional[Value[dt.String]]
+    output_mode: Optional[Value[dt.String]]
     optimization_mode: Optional[Value[dt.String]]
     max_error_ratio: Optional[Value[dt.Float64]]
 
     shape = rlz.shape_like("input")
 
     @attribute
     def dtype(self) -> dt.DataType:
+        if self.output_mode is not None:
+            return dt.Array(dt.string)
         return dt.string