Tests for Rails.logger when :logger patch is enabled

[solnic]

This adds tests for Rails.logger when :logger patch is enabled. I also add a unified way of defining spec tasks for our projects so that I can easily add an isolated spec to sentry-rails.

Refs #2644

#skip-changelog

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.09%. Comparing base (eeaeb2a) to head (b3fed53).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2659      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.48%   94.09%   -3.39%     
==========================================
  Files         134      134              
  Lines        5167     5135      -32     
==========================================
- Hits         5037     4832     -205     
- Misses        130      303     +173     

Components	Coverage Δ
sentry-ruby	93.53% <ø> (-4.20%)	⬇️
sentry-rails	96.55% <ø> (-0.15%)	⬇️
sentry-sidekiq	94.23% <ø> (-2.35%)	⬇️
sentry-resque	91.66% <ø> (-2.78%)	⬇️
sentry-delayed_job	94.68% <ø> (ø)
sentry-opentelemetry	98.61% <ø> (-0.70%)	⬇️

see 36 files with indirect coverage changes

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[solnic]

@sl0thentr0py no idea what's going on with ruby head yet so pls ignore it again 🙃

[solnic]

@sl0thentr0py OK I moved the rake tasks stuff to the toplevel