Github Tutorial

• Git - the most common version control system!
• Github - stores git repositories online.
• multiple online vcs are present in market like gitlab, bitbucket etc..
• A Git repo can have any type of files - code, txt, images, jar files

Benefits of a version control system

1. Stores history of changes made to each and every file
   1. why/what/when/who of a change
2. Makes collaboration easy

Local and remote repository

• Repository -
  • Folders configured to use Git
  • it has commit -> checkpoint
• Local repository -
  • repository we have on our local system
• Remote repository -
  • repository available online like in gitlab, github etc.

different types of file

• two types of files in git
  • Untracked file (U)
  • Modified file (M)
  • Added (A) -> in staging area
• first we have to move any file/update in staging area and then commit

Branches in Git

• Why making updates directly to the “master” branch isn’t recommended?
  • Possibility of buggy code
    • Pulled by other developers
    • Released to customers if auto-deployment is set up from master branch
• Allows to create a copy of the current master branch and work on it separately
• Avoids needing to add commits to the master branch immediately
• Commits in the new branch can be merged to the master branch once your code is ready and tested
• Can create a branch for
  • Different features
  • Different teams
  • Different product releases (eg: Feb release)
• branch structure mostly like this
  • master -> dev -> feature_branch

Git Commands

git init

• To initalise git in local to any of the non git folder

git init

• git init will convert simple folder to reposiratory
• it will enable git inside this folder
• it will create one empty .git folder inside folder to make it reposiratory
• this is only first time process.

git clone

• clone/Copy the remote repository into local

git clone <repo-url>

• for example

git clone https://github.com/codeisgod/Git_Tutorial.git

• this is only first time process.
• it will create new reposiratory in local including .git folder and also contain previous commit (if any).

git remote add

• to link your local repository to remote
• copy local repository to remote

git remote add origin <git url>

git add

• Moved to staging area
  • staging area: a place throgh which we can decide what all file to be commit.

git add <folder or file_name>

• if we have to add all changes
  • move all changes files to staging

git add .

git commit

• commit the added file with comment message (added in local)
• before commit -> we have to use git add
• it creates a commit -> basically checkpoint

git commit -m "<Commit_message>"

git push

• uploading commit to remote in the same branch where you are available

git push 

• when we are not clear with branch

git push <origin_name> <branch_name>
git push origin master

git pull

• if sometime, remote repository is ahead of local -> to download update from remote

git pull origin <branch_name>

git status

• to check status of git

git status

git log

• To view all commit history git log

git branch

• create new branch

git branch <new_branch_name>

• list all branch

git branch

git checkout

• to checkout the commit -> what we did in that perticular commit -> to see codebase of any time git checkout <commit_id>
• to comeback to latest changes git checkout <master/main/branch_name>
• create new branch and checkout to that branch

git checkout -b <branch_name>

git merge

• to merge from other repo to main/master repo
• be in branch where you want to branch

git merge <branch_to_merge>

• use git push after this to push in master

git switch

git switch <branch_name>

git out