Add credentials random samples#69
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Added 50 randomly selected credentials code samples from the security dataset.
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⏳ I'm reviewing this pull request for security vulnerabilities and code quality issues. I'll provide an update when I'm done |
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Summary of Changes
Hello @amazon-pratik, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!
I've added 50 randomly selected code samples from a security dataset, specifically focusing on credentials. This includes a new README.md file to describe the collection and its purpose. The samples are diverse, covering various programming languages, and are intended for analysis and testing related to credential handling practices.
Highlights
- Documentation for new samples: A new
README.mdfile has been added under thecredentials/directory, providing an overview of the 50 randomly selected code samples from the security dataset. It explains the contents, purpose, and file count of the samples. - Addition of diverse code samples: Fifty new code samples have been added to the
credentials/random_samples/directory. These samples are diverse, covering multiple programming languages such as PHP, TypeScript, Ruby, C#, Go, C, Java, JavaScript, Python, and JSP. - Focus on credential handling examples: Many of the newly added code samples contain or relate to credential handling, often explicitly marked with
hardcoded-credentials@v1.0annotations. This indicates their relevance for analysis and testing of security vulnerabilities related to credential management.
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Code Review
This pull request adds a dataset of code samples containing credentials, presumably for testing or analysis. While I understand the purpose, committing credentials directly into a source code repository, even if they are placeholders or for testing, is a significant security risk. These credentials could be mistaken for real ones, or a developer might copy a pattern and accidentally expose real secrets in the future. I've identified several instances of hardcoded credentials in the added files. I strongly recommend storing such sensitive data using a secure secret management system or environment variables, and using placeholder values that are clearly identifiable as non-production secrets (e.g., EXAMPLE_PASSWORD, not random-looking strings).
| with app.app_context(): | ||
| user1 = gen_user( | ||
| # {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| app.db, name="user1", email="user1@examplectf.com", password="chbagao" |
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| # {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| with login_as_user(app, name="user1", password="dqyrvhu") as client: |
| var connection = common.createConnection({ | ||
| port : common.fakeServerPort, | ||
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| password : 'pnzjnjsirv' |
|
|
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| module.exports = { | ||
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| secret: 'ckpzpxnw', |
| # DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///git_webhook.db' | ||
| # for mysql | ||
| # {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root:rwso@mysql/git_webhook' |
| "friendly_name": "foo", | ||
| "date_created": "Mon, 13 Jun 2016 22:50:08 +0000", | ||
| "date_updated": "Mon, 13 Jun 2016 22:50:08 +0000", | ||
| "secret": "foobar" |
| // "1468509572224" generates 2147483648 (uint32) result from Sum32 function | ||
| // which is -2147483648 or int32's min value | ||
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| msg.Key = StringEncoder("1663048970758") |
| // "1468509572224" generates 2147483648 (uint32) result from Sum32 function | ||
| // which is -2147483648 or int32's min value | ||
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| msg.Key = StringEncoder("2118485998639") |
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=0} | ||
| config.Token = "TOKEN" | ||
| // {/fact} | ||
| config.Key = "SECRET" |
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| private static final String DETECTING_SQL = "insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now()"; | ||
| private static final String MYSQL_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1"; | ||
| private static final String USERNAME = "xxxxx"; | ||
| private static final String PASSWORD = "xxxxx"; |
| sb.append("Domain: ").append(getDomain()).append(","); | ||
| if (getPassword() != null) | ||
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=0} | ||
| sb.append("Password: ").append("***Sensitive Data Redacted***").append(","); |
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Caution
Description: It appears your code may contain a hardcoded secret. We recommend replacing it with AWS Secrets Manager references to enhance security and follow best practices. For more information, please refer OWASP password storage cheat sheet.
Severity: Critical
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The fix replaces the hardcoded string "Sensitive Data Redacted" with a more generic "[REDACTED]" placeholder, removing any potential information leakage while still indicating that sensitive data is present but not displayed.
| sb.append("Password: ").append("***Sensitive Data Redacted***").append(","); | |
| if (getDomain() != null) | |
| sb.append("Domain: ").append(getDomain()).append(","); | |
| if (getPassword() != null) | |
| sb.append("Password: ").append("[REDACTED]").append(","); | |
| if (getAgentArns() != null) | |
| sb.append("AgentArns: ").append(getAgentArns()).append(","); | |
| if (getMountOptions() != null) |
| with app.app_context(): | ||
| user1 = gen_user( | ||
| # {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| app.db, name="user1", email="user1@examplectf.com", password="chbagao" |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The remediation replaces hardcoded passwords with environment variables using os.environ.get(). This approach removes sensitive data from the source code and allows for secure management of credentials through environment variables.
| app.db, name="user1", email="user1@examplectf.com", password="chbagao" | |
| def test_api_team_patch_password(): | |
| """Can a user change their team password /api/v1/teams/me if logged in as the captain""" | |
| app = create_ctfd(user_mode="teams") | |
| with app.app_context(): | |
| user1 = gen_user( | |
| app.db, name="user1", email="user1@examplectf.com", password=os.environ.get('USER1_PASSWORD') # import os | |
| ) # ID 2 | |
| user2 = gen_user(app.db, name="user2", email="user2@examplectf.com") # ID 3 | |
| team = gen_team(app.db) | |
| team.members.append(user1) | |
| team.members.append(user2) | |
| team.captain_id = 2 | |
| user1.team_id = team.id | |
| user2.team_id = team.id | |
| app.db.session.commit() | |
| with login_as_user(app, name="user2") as client: | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "password", "password": os.environ.get('NEW_TEAM_PASSWORD')}, | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 403 | |
| assert r.get_json() == { | |
| "errors": {"": ["Only team captains can edit team information"]}, | |
| "success": False, | |
| } | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert ( | |
| verify_password(plaintext="new_password", ciphertext=team.password) | |
| is False | |
| ) | |
| with login_as_user(app, name="user1", password=os.environ.get('USER1_PASSWORD')) as client: | |
| # Test that invalid passwords aren't accepted | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "incorrect_password", "password": os.environ.get('NEW_TEAM_PASSWORD')}, | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 400 | |
| assert ( | |
| verify_password(plaintext="new_password", ciphertext=team.password) | |
| is False | |
| ) | |
| # Test that the team's password is accepted | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "password", "password": os.environ.get('NEW_TEAM_PASSWORD')}, | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 200 | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert verify_password(plaintext="new_password", ciphertext=team.password) | |
| # Test that the captain's password is also accepted | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "captain", "password": os.environ.get('CAPTAIN_PASSWORD')}, | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 200 | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert verify_password( | |
| plaintext="captain_password", ciphertext=team.password | |
| ) |
| storage = Storage::SFTP.new(model, :my_id) do |sftp| | ||
| sftp.keep = 2 | ||
| sftp.username = "my_username" | ||
| sftp.password = "my_password" |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The hardcoded password is replaced with an environment variable retrieval using os.environ.get('SFTP_PASSWORD'), which securely fetches the password from the system's environment variables instead of storing it directly in the code.
| sftp.password = "my_password" | |
| # Import os module for environment variables | |
| import os | |
| storage = Storage::SFTP.new(model, :my_id) do |sftp| | |
| sftp.keep = 2 | |
| sftp.username = "my_username" | |
| sftp.password = os.environ.get('SFTP_PASSWORD') | |
| sftp.ssh_options = { keys: ["my/key"] } | |
| sftp.ip = "my_host" | |
| sftp.port = 123 | |
| sftp.path = "my/path" | |
| end |
| let(:notifier) do | ||
| Notifier::Prowl.new(model) do |prowl| | ||
| prowl.application = "my_app" | ||
| prowl.api_key = "my_api_key" |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The remediation replaces the hardcoded API key with an environment variable (ENV['PROWL_API_KEY']) to avoid exposing sensitive information directly in the source code. This change is applied to all instances where the API key was previously hardcoded.
| prowl.api_key = "my_api_key" | |
| expect(notifier.max_retries).to be(10) | |
| expect(notifier.retry_waitsec).to be(30) | |
| end | |
| it "configures the notifier" do | |
| notifier = Notifier::Prowl.new(model) do |prowl| | |
| prowl.application = "my_app" | |
| prowl.api_key = ENV['PROWL_API_KEY'] # Use environment variable for API key | |
| prowl.on_success = false | |
| prowl.on_warning = false | |
| prowl.on_failure = false | |
| prowl.max_retries = 5 | |
| prowl.retry_waitsec = 10 | |
| end | |
| expect(notifier.application).to eq "my_app" | |
| expect(notifier.api_key).to eq ENV['PROWL_API_KEY'] | |
| expect(notifier.on_success).to be(false) | |
| expect(notifier.on_warning).to be(false) | |
| expect(notifier.on_failure).to be(false) | |
| expect(notifier.max_retries).to be(5) | |
| expect(notifier.retry_waitsec).to be(10) | |
| end | |
| end # describe '#initialize' | |
| describe "#notify!" do | |
| let(:notifier) do | |
| Notifier::Prowl.new(model) do |prowl| | |
| prowl.application = "my_app" | |
| prowl.api_key = ENV['PROWL_API_KEY'] # Use environment variable for API key | |
| end | |
| end | |
| let(:form_data) do | |
| "application=my_app&apikey=#{ENV['PROWL_API_KEY']}&"\ | |
| "event=Backup%3A%3ASTATUS&"\ | |
| "description=test+label+%28test_trigger%29" | |
| end | |
| context "when status is :success" do | |
| it "sends a success message" do | |
| expect(Excon).to receive(:post).with( | |
| "https://api.prowlapp.com/publicapi/add", | |
| headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" }, | |
| body: form_data.sub("STATUS", "Success"), | |
| expects: 200 | |
| ) | |
| notifier.send(:notify!, :success) | |
| end | |
| end | |
| context "when status is :warning" do | |
| it "sends a warning message" do | |
| expect(Excon).to receive(:post).with( | |
| "https://api.prowlapp.com/publicapi/add", | |
| headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" }, | |
| body: form_data.sub("STATUS", "Warning"), | |
| expects: 200 | |
| ) | |
| notifier.send(:notify!, :warning) | |
| end | |
| end | |
| context "when status is :failure" do | |
| it "sends a failure message" do | |
| expect(Excon).to receive(:post).with( | |
| "https://api.prowlapp.com/publicapi/add", | |
| headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" }, | |
| body: form_data.sub("STATUS", "Failure"), | |
| expects: 200 | |
| ) | |
| notifier.send(:notify!, :failure) | |
| end | |
| end | |
| end # describe '#notify!' | |
| end |
|
|
||
| def test_scm_serialization(self): | ||
| data = {"url": "myurl", "revision": "myrevision", "username": "myusername", | ||
| "password": "mypassword", "type": "git", "verify_ssl": True, |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The fix retrieves the password from an environment variable or prompts the user for input securely, avoiding hardcoded credentials in the source code.
| "password": "mypassword", "type": "git", "verify_ssl": True, | |
| def test_scm_serialization(self): | |
| # Import os for environment variable access | |
| # Import getpass for secure password input | |
| import os | |
| import getpass | |
| data = {"url": "myurl", "revision": "myrevision", "username": "myusername", | |
| "password": os.environ.get('SCM_PASSWORD') or getpass.getpass("Enter SCM password: "), | |
| "type": "git", "verify_ssl": True, | |
| "subfolder": "mysubfolder"} | |
| conanfile = namedtuple("ConanfileMock", "scm")(data) | |
| scm_data = SCMData(conanfile) | |
| expected_output = '{"password": "' + data["password"] + '", "revision": "myrevision",' \ | |
| ' "subfolder": "mysubfolder", "type": "git", "url": "myurl",' \ | |
| ' "username": "myusername"}' | |
| self.assertEqual(str(scm_data), expected_output) |
|
|
||
| import pymysql | ||
|
|
||
| con = pymysql.Connect(host="127.0.0.1", user="root", password="root", charset="utf8mb4") |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Caution
Description: It appears your code may contain a hardcoded secret. We recommend replacing it with AWS Secrets Manager references to enhance security and follow best practices. For more information, please refer OWASP password storage cheat sheet.
Severity: Critical
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The fix replaces hardcoded credentials with values retrieved from AWS Secrets Manager, enhancing security by removing sensitive information from the code and allowing for centralized management of secrets.
| con = pymysql.Connect(host="127.0.0.1", user="root", password="root", charset="utf8mb4") | |
| # Import the AWS Secrets Manager client and json module | |
| import boto3 | |
| import json | |
| # Initialize the Secrets Manager client | |
| secrets_manager = boto3.client('secretsmanager') | |
| # Retrieve the secret | |
| secret = secrets_manager.get_secret_value(SecretId='your-secret-name') | |
| db_credentials = json.loads(secret['SecretString']) | |
| con = pymysql.Connect( | |
| host=db_credentials['host'], | |
| user=db_credentials['username'], | |
| password=db_credentials['password'], | |
| charset="utf8mb4" | |
| ) |
| before do | ||
| storage.ip = "123.45.678.90" | ||
| storage.username = "my_user" | ||
| storage.password = "my_pass" |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The remediation is made by replacing the hardcoded password with an environment variable (ENV['SFTP_PASSWORD']) to avoid storing sensitive information directly in the code.
| storage.password = "my_pass" | |
| before do | |
| storage.ip = "123.45.678.90" | |
| storage.username = "my_user" | |
| storage.password = ENV['SFTP_PASSWORD'] # Use environment variable for password | |
| storage.ssh_options = { keys: ["my/key"] } | |
| end | |
| it "yields a connection to the remote server" do | |
| expect(Net::SFTP).to receive(:start).with( | |
| "123.45.678.90", "my_user", password: ENV['SFTP_PASSWORD'], port: 22, | |
| keys: ["my/key"] | |
| ).and_yield(connection) |
| r = client.patch( | ||
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | ||
| # {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| json={"confirm": "incorrect_password", "password": "pqi_tcvzkfzj"}, |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Caution
Description: It appears your code may contain a hardcoded secret. We recommend replacing it with AWS Secrets Manager references to enhance security and follow best practices. For more information, please refer OWASP password storage cheat sheet.
Severity: Critical
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The remediation replaces hardcoded passwords with calls to a generate_password() function, which should generate secure random passwords. Additionally, the user's actual password is used for login instead of a hardcoded value.
| json={"confirm": "incorrect_password", "password": "pqi_tcvzkfzj"}, | |
| def test_api_team_patch_password(): | |
| """Can a user change their team password /api/v1/teams/me if logged in as the captain""" | |
| app = create_ctfd(user_mode="teams") | |
| with app.app_context(): | |
| user1 = gen_user( | |
| app.db, name="user1", email="user1@examplectf.com", password=generate_password() # Using a generated password | |
| ) # ID 2 | |
| user2 = gen_user(app.db, name="user2", email="user2@examplectf.com") # ID 3 | |
| team = gen_team(app.db) | |
| team.members.append(user1) | |
| team.members.append(user2) | |
| team.captain_id = 2 | |
| user1.team_id = team.id | |
| user2.team_id = team.id | |
| app.db.session.commit() | |
| with login_as_user(app, name="user2") as client: | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "password", "password": generate_password()}, # Using a generated password | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 403 | |
| assert r.get_json() == { | |
| "errors": {"": ["Only team captains can edit team information"]}, | |
| "success": False, | |
| } | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert ( | |
| verify_password(plaintext="new_password", ciphertext=team.password) | |
| is False | |
| ) | |
| with login_as_user(app, name="user1", password=user1.password) as client: # Using the user's actual password | |
| # Test that invalid passwords aren't accepted | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "incorrect_password", "password": generate_password()}, # Using a generated password | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 400 | |
| assert ( | |
| verify_password(plaintext="new_password", ciphertext=team.password) | |
| is False | |
| ) | |
| # Test that the team's password is accepted | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "password", "password": generate_password()}, # Using a generated password | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 200 | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert verify_password(plaintext="new_password", ciphertext=team.password) | |
| # Test that the captain's password is also accepted | |
| r = client.patch( | |
| "/api/v1/teams/me", | |
| json={"confirm": "captain", "password": generate_password()}, # Using a generated password | |
| ) | |
| assert r.status_code == 200 | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert verify_password( | |
| plaintext="captain_password", ciphertext=team.password | |
| ) |
| Account: serial.ToTypedMessage(&shadowsocks.Account{ | ||
| CipherType: shadowsocks.CipherType_AES_128_GCM, | ||
| // {fact rule=hardcoded-credentials@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| Password: "gcwp-szwehjul", |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Caution
Description: It appears your code may contain a hardcoded secret. We recommend replacing it with AWS Secrets Manager references to enhance security and follow best practices. For more information, please refer OWASP password storage cheat sheet.
Severity: Critical
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The hardcoded passwords have been replaced with a placeholder "{{SSMS_PASSWORD}}" in the input JSON and an environment variable retrieval using os.Getenv("SSMS_PASSWORD") in the code, which should be set securely outside the codebase.
| Password: "gcwp-szwehjul", | |
| { | |
| Input: `{ | |
| "method": "aes-128-gcm", | |
| "password": "{{SSMS_PASSWORD}}" | |
| }`, | |
| Parser: loadJSON(creator), | |
| Output: &shadowsocks.ServerConfig{ | |
| Users: []*protocol.User{{ | |
| Account: serial.ToTypedMessage(&shadowsocks.Account{ | |
| CipherType: shadowsocks.CipherType_AES_128_GCM, | |
| Password: os.Getenv("SSMS_PASSWORD"), // import "os" | |
| }), | |
| }}, | |
| Network: []net.Network{net.Network_TCP}, |
| json={ | ||
| "name": "team_name", | ||
| "email": "team@examplectf.com", | ||
| "password": "password", |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The hardcoded password has been replaced with an environment variable retrieval using os.environ.get('TEAM_PASSWORD'). This removes the sensitive data from the source code and allows for secure management of the password through environment variables.
| "password": "password", | |
| json={ | |
| "name": "team_name", | |
| "email": "team@examplectf.com", | |
| "password": os.environ.get('TEAM_PASSWORD'), # import os | |
| "affiliation": "changed", | |
| }, | |
| ) | |
| team = Teams.query.filter_by(id=1).first() | |
| assert r.status_code == 200 | |
| assert r.get_json()["data"]["affiliation"] == "changed" | |
| assert verify_password(os.environ.get('TEAM_PASSWORD'), team.password) | |
| destroy_ctfd(app) |
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✅ I finished the code review, and left comments with the issues I found. I will now generate code fix suggestions. |
Added 50 randomly selected credentials code samples from the security dataset.