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多张PNG图片合并成一张TIFF
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<p><code>iOS</code>和<code>macOS</code>开发中常用<code>PNG</code>文件作为图片资源，我们常使用<code>imageNamed</code>来使用图片资源，一般大家的做法都是让<code>UI</code>切图的时候给三个文件</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">icon@1x.png</div><div class="line">icon@2x.png</div><div class="line">icon@3x.png</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>但是有时候情况特殊，你只能使用一个文件，比如在<code>Apple Script</code>中使用图片，那怎么办呢，经常接触<code>macOS</code>的人应该都见过<code>TIFF</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>TIFF是一个灵活适应性强的文件格式。通过在文件标头中使用“标签”，它能够在一个文件中处理多幅图像和数据。<br><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF#.E7.81.B5.E6.B4.BB.E7.9A.84.E9.80.89.E9.A1.B9" target="_blank" rel="external">维基百科</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>注意，<code>TIFF</code>是支持多页的，可以用一个<code>TIFF</code>文件包含上面的三幅图像，那怎么把三张<code>PNG</code>变成一张<code>TIFF</code>呢？我们有<code>ImageMagick</code>，不想装的可以看最后。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>ImageMagick是一个用于查看、编辑位图文件以及进行图像格式转换的开放源代码软件套装。它可以读取、编辑超过100种图象格式。<br>ImageMagick最基本的一个功能是准确高效地转换超过68种图片的格式，包括众所周知的TIFF、JPEG、PNG、PDF、PhotoCD，以及GIF。<br><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageMagick#.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.E6.A0.BC.E5.BC.8F.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2" target="_blank" rel="external">维基百科</a></p>
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<p><code>ImageMagick</code>可以用<a href="https://brew.sh" target="_blank" rel="external">HomeBrew</a>快速安装</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ brew install imagemagick</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>convert</code>是<code>ImageMagick</code>用于转换图片格式的工具</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ convert icon@1x.png icon@2x.png icon@3x.png icon.tiff</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>现在我们获得了<code>icon.tiff</code>这个文件，用自带的预览工具打开即可看到它包含了三幅图像，目标达成！</p>
<hr>
<p>但是我连<code>HomeBrew</code>都没装，太麻烦了啦，有没有更简单的，答案是有。</p>
<p><code>tiffutil</code>是<code>macOS</code>自带的用于操作<code>TIFF</code>文件的工具，它在<code>macOS 10.9</code>之后被内置在<code>usr/bin/</code>中，另外还有配套其他一些工具用来操作<code>TIFF</code>，比如<code>tiffinfo</code>等等。</p>
<p>用法其实也很简单：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ tiffutil -cathidpicheck icon@1x.png icon@2x.png icon@3x.png -out icon.tiff</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>具体用法可以查看<a href="https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/tiffutil.1.html" target="_blank" rel="external">官方文档</a></p>
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<p><code>NSResponder</code>提供了鼠标响应事件，而所有的视图都继承自<code>NSResponder</code>，所以我们可以很方便的处理鼠标事件。</p>
<h2 id="鼠标一般事件"><a href="#鼠标一般事件" class="headerlink" title="鼠标一般事件"></a>鼠标一般事件</h2><p>鼠标一般事件有按下和松开，又有左右键和其它键之分(本文只讨论左右键)，对应的消息如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 按下鼠标左键</span></div><div class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)mouseDown:(<span class="built_in">NSEvent</span> *)theEvent;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 松开鼠标左键</span></div><div class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)mouseUp:(<span class="built_in">NSEvent</span> *)theEvent;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 按下鼠标右键</span></div><div class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)rightMouseDown:(<span class="built_in">NSEvent</span> *)theEvent;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 松开鼠标右键</span></div><div class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)rightMouseUp:(<span class="built_in">NSEvent</span> *)theEvent;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>鼠标点击后，<code>NSEvent</code>捕获到的坐标是基于<code>Window</code>的，所以需要经过转换才能使用。</p>
<figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">- (<span class="keyword">void</span>)mouseDown:(<span class="built_in">NSEvent</span> *)theEvent {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></div><div class="line"> * 将mouseDown消息传递给父类</div><div class="line"> * 注意，如果写了这句的话，mouseUp事件将不会触发</div><div class="line"> */</div><div class="line"> [<span class="keyword">super</span> mouseDown:theEvent];</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 将鼠标点击位置的坐标从Window转换为当前View，fromView设为nil表示从Window转换</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">NSPoint</span> location = [<span class="keyword">self</span> convertPoint:theEvent.locationInWindow fromView:<span class="literal">nil</span>];</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// doing something</span></div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>在<code>macOS</code>的开发中，我们一般使用<code>NSWindow</code>的<code>setFrame</code>来改变窗体的坐标和大小，而坐标和大小一般是靠动态计算得出，这里要讲讲<code>setFrame</code>的一些坑。</p>
<p>我们知道<code>NSRect</code>里的<code>origin</code>和<code>size</code>都是浮点型的，而像素点是整数的，没有说<code>0.5</code>个像素的，真要有<code>0.5</code>像素，在屏幕上的表现要么是<code>0</code>，要么就是<code>1</code>。下面我们来做个小实验：</p>
<p>我们先创建一个<code>window</code><br><figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">_window = [[<span class="built_in">NSWindow</span> alloc] initWithContentRect:<span class="built_in">NSMakeRect</span>(<span class="number">450</span>, <span class="number">250</span>, <span class="number">400</span>, <span class="number">300</span>) styleMask:<span class="built_in">NSTitledWindowMask</span> | <span class="built_in">NSClosableWindowMask</span> backing:<span class="built_in">NSBackingStoreBuffered</span> defer:<span class="literal">YES</span>];</div><div class="line">[_window makeKeyAndOrderFront:<span class="keyword">self</span>];</div><div class="line">LogRect(<span class="string">@"window.frame"</span>, _window.frame);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出如下：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">window.frame: {450.00,250.00,400.00,322.00}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>可以看到，除了高度之外，其它值都按照我们提供的参数执行，至于高度为什么多了<code>22</code>，是因为我们设置了<code>NSTitledWindowMask</code>这个<code>styleMask</code>，窗体需要标题栏，高度为<code>22</code>。</p>
<p>接着通过<code>setFrame</code>来改变<code>window</code>的大小<br><figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[_window setFrame:<span class="built_in">NSMakeRect</span>(<span class="number">450</span>, <span class="number">250</span>, <span class="number">400.5</span>, <span class="number">300</span>) display:<span class="literal">YES</span>];</div><div class="line">LogRect(<span class="string">@"window.changeSize"</span>, _window.frame);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出如下：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">window.changeSize: {450.00,250.00,401.00,300.00}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>可以看到<code>400.5</code>被改成了<code>401</code>，难道<code>NSWindow</code>会把提供的值四舍五入吗？通过实验发现，<code>400.1</code>被改成<code>400</code>，而<code>400.2</code>被改成<code>401</code>，由此看来并非四舍五入，具体实现这边不讨论。所以我们在使用<code>setFrame</code>的时候需要注意提供的参数最后会不会得到我们想要的结果。</p>
<p>说完了大小，我们来看看坐标，这回我们通过<code>setFrame</code>来改变<code>window</code>的坐标。<br><figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[_window setFrame:<span class="built_in">NSMakeRect</span>(<span class="number">450</span>, <span class="number">250.5</span>, <span class="number">400</span>, <span class="number">300</span>) display:<span class="literal">YES</span>];</div><div class="line">LogRect(<span class="string">@"window.changeOrigin"</span>, _window.frame);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>通过前面的结果，我们想当然的认为结果应该是 <code>(450,251,400,300)</code>。然而事实并非如此，我们看看输出：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">window.changeOrigin: {450.00,250.00,400.00,301.00}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>相当的意外，坐标没变，而高度却加了<code>1</code>，我们没有改高度的啊。百思不得其解，尝试其它<code>y</code>值看看，然后发现<code>250.9</code>的结果是<code>(450,251,400,300)</code>，<code>250.8</code>的结果是<code>(450,250,400,301)</code>。惊呆了有木有，在此只能劝大家动态计算的时候最好把浮点型转换成整形再传递给<code>setFrame</code>。如果有人知道这是为什么，烦请告知，谢谢！</p>
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<h1 id="让自定义view铺满整个NSWindow"><a href="#让自定义view铺满整个NSWindow" class="headerlink" title="让自定义view铺满整个NSWindow"></a>让自定义view铺满整个NSWindow</h1><p>我们通过<code>IB</code>拖到窗体中的控件都是放到<code>NSWindow</code>的<code>contentView</code>视图中的，但是这个<code>contentView</code>不是铺满整个<code>window</code>的，顶部会有一个系统风格的<code>titlebarView</code>，现在项目需要让自定义的<code>view</code>可以铺满整个<code>window</code>。<br>在<code>macOS 10.10</code>之前，我们可以通过简单的两行代码来搞定：</p>
<figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">//把自定义的view添加到contentView的superview中，也就是NSThemeView</span></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">NSView</span> *themeView = [window.contentView superview];</div><div class="line">[themeView addSubview:<span class="keyword">self</span>.viewCustom positioned:<span class="built_in">NSWindowBelow</span> relativeTo:<span class="literal">nil</span>];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>但是在<code>macOS 10.10</code>以后，运行以上代码，会得到一段警告：</p>
<figure class="highlight objc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">NSWindow</span> warning: adding an unknown subview: <<span class="built_in">NSView</span>: <span class="number">0x608000120fa0</span>>. Break on <span class="built_in">NSLog</span> to debug.</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>虽然目前并不会影响程序的执行，但是对于有点洁癖的人来说，看到这段警告还是很不爽的，那么在Yosemite我们要怎么避免这个错误而实现我们的目的呢？</p>
<p><code>macOS 10.10</code>之后，<code>NSWindow</code>的<code>styleMask</code>新增了一个<br><code>NSFullSizeContentViewWindowMask</code>，可以通过<code>NSWindow</code>的<code>setStyleMask:</code>来设置，也可以直接在IB中勾选<code>Full Size Content View</code>选项。设置完后<code>contentView</code>就会铺满整个窗体，包括<code>titleBar</code>部分。一个设置就搞定了，更方便更实用。</p>
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