diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector/Fixture/skip_with_custom_param_in_previous_position.php.inc b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector/Fixture/skip_with_custom_param_in_previous_position.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e0768e5ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector/Fixture/skip_with_custom_param_in_previous_position.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\Catch_\ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector\Fixture;
+
+/**
+ * This direct use new ExceptionWithCustomParam() inside the class is on purpose to reproduce the issue
+ */
+final class ExceptionWithCustomParam extends \RuntimeException
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public readonly bool $flag,
+        string $message,
+        int $code = 0,
+        ?\Throwable $previous = null,
+    ) {
+        parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
+    }
+
+    public function run(): void
+    {
+        try {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('root');
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            throw new ExceptionWithCustomParam(flag: true, message: $e->getMessage(), previous: $e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector.php b/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector.php
index c53fce5269a..ba36f610026 100644
--- a/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector.php
+++ b/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/Catch_/ThrowWithPreviousExceptionRector.php
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ private function refactorThrow(Throw_ $throw, Variable $caughtThrowableVariable)
         }
 
         if (! isset($new->getArgs()[1])) {
-            if ($this->hasCodeParameter($new->class)) {
+            if ($this->hasParameter($new, 'code') && ! $this->hasArgument($new, 'code')) {
                 // get previous code
                 $new->args[1] = new Arg(
                     new MethodCall($caughtThrowableVariable, 'getCode'),
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ private function refactorThrow(Throw_ $throw, Variable $caughtThrowableVariable)
         /** @var Arg $arg1 */
         $arg1 = $new->args[1];
         if ($arg1->name instanceof Identifier && $arg1->name->toString() === 'previous') {
-            if ($this->hasCodeParameter($new->class)) {
+            if ($this->hasParameter($new, 'code') && ! $this->hasArgument($new, 'code')) {
                 $new->args[1] = new Arg(
                     new MethodCall($caughtThrowableVariable, 'getCode'),
                     name: $shouldUseNamedArguments ? new Identifier('code') : null
@@ -183,11 +183,14 @@ private function refactorThrow(Throw_ $throw, Variable $caughtThrowableVariable)
             } elseif (! $hasChanged) {
                 return null;
             }
-        } else {
+        } elseif ($this->hasParameter($new, 'previous') && ! $this->hasArgument($new, 'previous')) {
             $new->args[$exceptionArgumentPosition] = new Arg(
                 $caughtThrowableVariable,
                 name: $shouldUseNamedArguments ? new Identifier('previous') : null
             );
+            $hasChanged = true;
+        } elseif (! $hasChanged) {
+            return null;
         }
 
         // null the node, to fix broken format preserving printers, see https://github.com/rectorphp/rector/issues/5576
@@ -197,9 +200,13 @@ private function refactorThrow(Throw_ $throw, Variable $caughtThrowableVariable)
         return NodeVisitor::DONT_TRAVERSE_CURRENT_AND_CHILDREN;
     }
 
-    private function hasCodeParameter(Name $exceptionName): bool
+    private function hasParameter(New_ $new, string $parameterName): bool
     {
-        $className = $this->getName($exceptionName);
+        $className = $this->getName($new->class);
+        if ($className === null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if (! $this->reflectionProvider->hasClass($className)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -217,7 +224,18 @@ private function hasCodeParameter(Name $exceptionName): bool
         );
 
         foreach ($extendedParametersAcceptor->getParameters() as $extendedParameterReflection) {
-            if ($extendedParameterReflection->getName() === 'code') {
+            if ($extendedParameterReflection->getName() === $parameterName) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private function hasArgument(New_ $new, string $argumentName): bool
+    {
+        foreach ($new->getArgs() as $arg) {
+            if ($arg->name instanceof Identifier && $arg->name->toString() === $argumentName) {
                 return true;
             }
         }