From 7c5e74f01c82fe848133ba008c64e15efe8005b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hauntsaninja <hauntsaninja@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 3 May 2026 23:34:03 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Narrow match captures based on previous cases

Fixes #16736
Closes #18155
---
 mypy/checker.py                     | 36 +++++++++++++++--------------
 test-data/unit/check-python310.test | 17 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mypy/checker.py b/mypy/checker.py
index 4d4f376f25dda..39c3e0c0f8566 100644
--- a/mypy/checker.py
+++ b/mypy/checker.py
@@ -5960,7 +5960,7 @@ def visit_match_stmt(self, s: MatchStmt) -> None:
                         else_map[unwrapped_subject] = else_map[named_subject]
                     pattern_map = self.propagate_up_typemap_info(pattern_map)
                     else_map = self.propagate_up_typemap_info(else_map)
-                    self.remove_capture_conflicts(pattern_type.captures, inferred_types)
+                    self.check_and_remove_capture_conflicts(pattern_type.captures, inferred_types)
                     self.push_type_map(pattern_map, from_assignment=False)
                     if pattern_map:
                         for expr, typ in pattern_map.items():
@@ -6066,15 +6066,8 @@ def infer_variable_types_from_type_maps(
                     already_exists = True
                     if isinstance(expr.node, Var) and expr.node.is_final:
                         self.msg.cant_assign_to_final(expr.name, False, expr)
-                    if self.check_subtype(
-                        typ,
-                        previous_type,
-                        expr,
-                        msg=message_registry.INCOMPATIBLE_TYPES_IN_CAPTURE,
-                        subtype_label="pattern captures type",
-                        supertype_label="variable has type",
-                    ):
-                        inferred_types[var] = previous_type
+                    # We'll check compatibility in check_and_remove_capture_conflicts
+                    inferred_types[var] = previous_type
 
             if not already_exists:
                 new_type = UnionType.make_union(types)
@@ -6086,15 +6079,24 @@ def infer_variable_types_from_type_maps(
                 self.infer_variable_type(var, first_occurrence, new_type, first_occurrence)
         return inferred_types
 
-    def remove_capture_conflicts(
+    def check_and_remove_capture_conflicts(
         self, type_map: TypeMap, inferred_types: dict[SymbolNode, Type]
     ) -> None:
-        if not is_unreachable_map(type_map):
-            for expr, typ in list(type_map.items()):
-                if isinstance(expr, NameExpr):
-                    node = expr.node
-                    if node not in inferred_types or not is_subtype(typ, inferred_types[node]):
-                        del type_map[expr]
+        if is_unreachable_map(type_map):
+            return
+        for expr, typ in list(type_map.items()):
+            if not isinstance(expr, NameExpr):
+                continue
+            node = expr.node
+            if node not in inferred_types or not self.check_subtype(
+                typ,
+                inferred_types[node],
+                expr,
+                msg=message_registry.INCOMPATIBLE_TYPES_IN_CAPTURE,
+                subtype_label="pattern captures type",
+                supertype_label="variable has type",
+            ):
+                del type_map[expr]
 
     def visit_type_alias_stmt(self, o: TypeAliasStmt) -> None:
         if o.alias_node:
diff --git a/test-data/unit/check-python310.test b/test-data/unit/check-python310.test
index 3f92d16ba46f3..242d97023a971 100644
--- a/test-data/unit/check-python310.test
+++ b/test-data/unit/check-python310.test
@@ -1705,6 +1705,23 @@ reveal_type(a)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.bool"
 a = 3
 reveal_type(a)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
 
+[case testMatchCapturePatternAfterPreviousCase]
+# flags: --strict-equality --warn-unreachable
+
+def f1(x: int | None, y: int):
+    match x:
+        case None:
+            pass
+        case y:
+            reveal_type(y)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
+
+def f2(x: int | None, y: int):
+    match x:
+        case None if bool():
+            pass
+        case y:  # E: Incompatible types in capture pattern (pattern captures type "int | None", variable has type "int")
+            reveal_type(y)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
+
 [case testMatchCapturePatternPreexistingIncompatible]
 # flags: --strict-equality --warn-unreachable
 a: str

From da386f65bdb2138de2d756524e7e0ff046c2bf51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hauntsaninja <hauntsaninja@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 3 May 2026 23:46:39 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] test

---
 test-data/unit/check-python310.test | 17 +++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test-data/unit/check-python310.test b/test-data/unit/check-python310.test
index 242d97023a971..03a0934b662c6 100644
--- a/test-data/unit/check-python310.test
+++ b/test-data/unit/check-python310.test
@@ -1715,13 +1715,26 @@ def f1(x: int | None, y: int):
         case y:
             reveal_type(y)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
 
-def f2(x: int | None, y: int):
+def f2(x: int | None, y: int, cond: bool):
     match x:
-        case None if bool():
+        case None if cond:
             pass
         case y:  # E: Incompatible types in capture pattern (pattern captures type "int | None", variable has type "int")
             reveal_type(y)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
 
+def f3(x: int | None, y: int):
+    match x:
+        case None if True:
+            pass
+        case y:
+            reveal_type(y)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
+
+    match x:
+        case None if False:
+            pass  # E: Statement is unreachable
+        case y:  # E: Incompatible types in capture pattern (pattern captures type "int | None", variable has type "int")
+            reveal_type(y)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
+
 [case testMatchCapturePatternPreexistingIncompatible]
 # flags: --strict-equality --warn-unreachable
 a: str