Startup.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Authorization;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web.UI;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Azure.Identity;
using Azure.Security.KeyVault.Secrets;
using Azure;
using TopicBox.Graph;

namespace TopicBox
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }
        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }        
        /// <summary>
        ///This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="services"></param>
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            // Retrieve required permissions from appsettings
            string[] initialScopes = Configuration.GetValue<string>("DownstreamApi:Scopes")?.Split(' ');
            services                                                
                // Add support for OpenId authentication
                .AddAuthentication(OpenIdConnectDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                // Microsoft identity platform web app that requires an auth code flow
                .AddMicrosoftIdentityWebApp(Configuration)
                // Add ability to call Microsoft Graph APIs with specific permissions
                .EnableTokenAcquisitionToCallDownstreamApi(initialScopes)
                // Enable dependency injection for GraphServiceClient
                .AddMicrosoftGraph(Configuration.GetSection("DownstreamApi"))
                // Add in-memory token cache
                .AddInMemoryTokenCaches();          
            // Require an authenticated user
            services.AddControllersWithViews(options =>
            {
                var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
                    .RequireAuthenticatedUser()
                    .Build();
                options.Filters.Add(new AuthorizeFilter(policy));
            });
            services
                // Add Razor Pages support
                .AddRazorPages()
                // Add Microsoft Identity UI pages that provide user 
                .AddMicrosoftIdentityUI();            
            services.AddScoped<GraphProfileClient>();
            services.AddScoped<GraphEmailClient>();            
        }        
        /// <summary>
        /// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="app"></param>
        /// <param name="env"></param>
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
                // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
                app.UseHsts();
            }            
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseStaticFiles();
            app.UseRouting();
            app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseAuthorization();
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapRazorPages();
            });
        }
        /// Gets the secret from key vault via an enabled Managed Identity.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>https://github.com/Azure-Samples/app-service-msi-keyvault-dotnet/blob/master/README.md</remarks>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetSecretFromKeyVault(string tenantId, string secretName)
        {
            // this should point to your vault's URI, like https://<yourkeyvault>.vault.azure.net/
            string uri = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("KEY_VAULT_URI");
            DefaultAzureCredentialOptions options = new DefaultAzureCredentialOptions();
            // Specify the tenant ID to use the dev credentials when running the app locally
            options.VisualStudioTenantId = tenantId;
            options.SharedTokenCacheTenantId = tenantId;
            SecretClient client = new SecretClient(new Uri(uri), new DefaultAzureCredential(options));
            // The secret name, for example if the full url to the secret is https://<yourkeyvault>.vault.azure.net/secrets/ENTER_YOUR_SECRET_NAME_HERE
            Response<KeyVaultSecret> secret = client.GetSecretAsync(secretName).Result;
            return secret.Value.Value;
        }
    }
}