diff --git a/tests/test_study/test_study_functions.py b/tests/test_study/test_study_functions.py
index 2a2d276ec..5dc74bb09 100644
--- a/tests/test_study/test_study_functions.py
+++ b/tests/test_study/test_study_functions.py
@@ -8,14 +8,164 @@
 import openml.study
 from openml.testing import TestBase
 
+from unittest import mock
+import requests
+
+class StudyMockServer:
+    """Helper class to encapsulate all mock XML generation and response mocking."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_response(xml: str | Exception):
+        if isinstance(xml, Exception):
+            return xml
+        r = mock.Mock(spec=["status_code", "text", "headers"])
+        r.status_code = 200
+        r.headers = {}
+        r.text = xml
+        return r
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_study_xml(
+        study_id, n_data, n_tasks, n_flows, n_setups, n_runs=None,
+        main_entity_type="run", alias=None, status="active",
+        name="Dummy Study", description="desc", run_ids=None,
+        task_ids=None, visibility="public"
+    ):
+        def repeat(tag, n):
+            return "".join(f"<oml:{tag}_id>{i}</oml:{tag}_id>" for i in range(1, n+1))
+        
+        runs_block = ""
+        if run_ids is not None:
+            runs_block = f"<oml:runs>" + "".join(f"<oml:run_id>{rid}</oml:run_id>" for rid in run_ids) + f"</oml:runs>"
+        elif n_runs is not None:
+            runs_block = f"<oml:runs>{repeat('run', n_runs)}</oml:runs>"
+
+        tasks_block = "".join(f"<oml:task_id>{tid}</oml:task_id>" for tid in task_ids) if task_ids else repeat("task", n_tasks)
+        alias_block = f"<oml:alias>{alias}</oml:alias>" if alias else ""
+
+        linked_entities_block = ""
+        if main_entity_type == "task":
+            tids = task_ids if task_ids else range(1, n_tasks + 1)
+            linked_entities = "".join(f"<oml:entity><oml:id>{tid}</oml:id><oml:type>task</oml:type></oml:entity>" for tid in tids)
+            linked_entities_block = f"<oml:linked_entities>{linked_entities}</oml:linked_entities>"
+
+        return f"""
+        <oml:study>
+            <oml:id>{study_id}</oml:id>
+            {alias_block}
+            <oml:main_entity_type>{main_entity_type}</oml:main_entity_type>
+            <oml:name>{name}</oml:name>
+            <oml:description>{description}</oml:description>
+            <oml:visibility>{visibility}</oml:visibility>
+            <oml:status>{status}</oml:status>
+            <oml:creation_date>2020-01-01</oml:creation_date>
+            <oml:creator>tester</oml:creator>
+            <oml:data>{repeat("data", n_data)}</oml:data>
+            {linked_entities_block}
+            <oml:tasks>{tasks_block}</oml:tasks>
+            <oml:flows>{repeat("flow", n_flows)}</oml:flows>
+            <oml:setups>{repeat("setup", n_setups)}</oml:setups>
+            {runs_block}
+        </oml:study>
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_study_upload_xml(study_id: int):
+        return f'<oml:study_upload xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml"><oml:id>{study_id}</oml:id></oml:study_upload>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_study_attach_xml(study_id: int, n_entities: int):
+        return f'<oml:study_attach xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml"><oml:id>{study_id}</oml:id><oml:main_entity_type>run</oml:main_entity_type><oml:linked_entities>{n_entities}</oml:linked_entities></oml:study_attach>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_study_detach_xml(study_id: int, n_entities: int):
+        return f'<oml:study_detach xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml"><oml:id>{study_id}</oml:id><oml:main_entity_type>run</oml:main_entity_type><oml:linked_entities>{n_entities}</oml:linked_entities></oml:study_detach>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_status_update_xml(study_id: int, status: str):
+        return f'<oml:study_status_update xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml"><oml:id>{study_id}</oml:id><oml:status>{status}</oml:status></oml:study_status_update>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_delete_xml(study_id: int):
+        return f'<oml:study_delete xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml"><oml:id>{study_id}</oml:id></oml:study_delete>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_evaluations_xml(run_ids):
+        evaluations = "".join(f"<oml:evaluation><oml:run_id>{rid}</oml:run_id><oml:task_id>{rid}</oml:task_id><oml:setup_id>{rid}</oml:setup_id><oml:flow_id>{rid}</oml:flow_id><oml:flow_name>dummy</oml:flow_name><oml:data_id>1</oml:data_id><oml:data_name>dummy</oml:data_name><oml:function>predictive_accuracy</oml:function><oml:upload_time>2020-01-01</oml:upload_time><oml:uploader>3229</oml:uploader><oml:value>0.5</oml:value></oml:evaluation>" for rid in run_ids)
+        return f'<oml:evaluations xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml">{evaluations}</oml:evaluations>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_users_xml():
+        return '<oml:users xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml"><oml:user><oml:id>3229</oml:id><oml:username>tester</oml:username></oml:user></oml:users>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_runs_xml(run_ids):
+        runs = "".join(f"<oml:run><oml:run_id>{rid}</oml:run_id><oml:task_id>{rid}</oml:task_id><oml:task_type_id>1</oml:task_type_id><oml:setup_id>{rid}</oml:setup_id><oml:flow_id>{rid}</oml:flow_id><oml:uploader>3229</oml:uploader><oml:upload_time>2020-01-01</oml:upload_time><oml:error_message></oml:error_message><oml:run_details></oml:run_details></oml:run>" for rid in run_ids)
+        return f'<oml:runs xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml">{runs}</oml:runs>'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setup_publish_benchmark_suite_mocks(mock_get, mock_post, fixture_name, fixture_descr):
+        mock_post.side_effect = [
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_upload_xml(146)),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_attach_xml(146, 6)),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_detach_xml(146, 3)),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_status_update_xml(146, "deactivated")),
+        ]
+        mock_get.side_effect = [
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=146, name=fixture_name, description=fixture_descr, main_entity_type="task", task_ids=[1,2,3], n_data=1, n_tasks=3, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=146, name=fixture_name, description=fixture_descr, main_entity_type="task", task_ids=[1,2,3,4,5,6], n_data=1, n_tasks=6, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=146, name=fixture_name, description=fixture_descr, main_entity_type="task", task_ids=[4,5,6], n_data=1, n_tasks=3, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=146, name=fixture_name, description=fixture_descr, main_entity_type="task", task_ids=[4,5,6], n_data=1, n_tasks=3, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, status="deactivated")),
+        ]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setup_publish_study_mocks(mock_get, mock_post, mock_delete, fixt_name, fixt_descr):
+        mock_get.side_effect = [
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_evaluations_xml(range(1,11))),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_users_xml()),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(name=fixt_name, description=fixt_descr, study_id=157, main_entity_type="run", n_data=1, n_tasks=10, n_flows=10, n_setups=10, n_runs=10, status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_runs_xml(range(1,11))),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_evaluations_xml(range(1,11))),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_users_xml()),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_runs_xml(range(11,22))),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=157, name=fixt_name, description=fixt_descr, main_entity_type="run", n_data=1, n_tasks=20, n_flows=20, n_setups=20, n_runs=21, status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=157, name=fixt_name, description=fixt_descr, main_entity_type="run", n_data=1, n_tasks=10, n_flows=10, n_setups=10, run_ids=range(11, 22), status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=157, name=fixt_name, description=fixt_descr, main_entity_type="run", n_data=1, n_tasks=10, n_flows=10, n_setups=10, run_ids=range(11, 22), status="deactivated")),
+        ]
+        mock_post.side_effect = [
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_upload_xml(157)),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_attach_xml(157, 21)),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_detach_xml(157, 11)),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_status_update_xml(157, "deactivated")),
+        ]
+        mock_delete.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_delete_xml(157))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setup_study_attach_illegal_mocks(mock_get, mock_post, mock_delete):
+        mock_get.side_effect = [
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_runs_xml(range(1,11))),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_runs_xml(range(1,21))),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=300, name="study with illegal runs", description="none", main_entity_type="run", n_data=1, n_tasks=10, n_flows=10, n_setups=10, n_runs=10, status="in_preparation")),
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=300, name="study with illegal runs", description="none", main_entity_type="run", n_data=1, n_tasks=10, n_flows=10, n_setups=10, n_runs=10, status="in_preparation")),
+        ]
+        mock_post.side_effect = [
+            StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_upload_xml(300)),
+            openml.exceptions.OpenMLServerException("Problem attaching entities."),
+            openml.exceptions.OpenMLServerException("Problem attaching entities."),
+        ]
+        mock_delete.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_delete_xml(300))
+
 
 class TestStudyFunctions(TestBase):
     _multiprocess_can_split_ = True
 
     @pytest.mark.production_server()
     @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="failures_issue_1544", strict=False)
-    def test_get_study_old(self):
-        self.use_production_server()
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_get_study_old(self, mock_get):
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(
+            StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=34, n_data=105, n_tasks=105, n_flows=27, n_setups=30, n_runs=None)
+        )
 
         study = openml.study.get_study(34)
         assert len(study.data) == 105
@@ -25,9 +175,11 @@ def test_get_study_old(self):
         assert study.runs is None
 
     @pytest.mark.production_server()
-    def test_get_study_new(self):
-        self.use_production_server()
-
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_get_study_new(self, mock_get):
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(
+            StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=123, n_data=299, n_tasks=299, n_flows=5, n_setups=1253, n_runs=1693)
+        )
         study = openml.study.get_study(123)
         assert len(study.data) == 299
         assert len(study.tasks) == 299
@@ -36,9 +188,11 @@ def test_get_study_new(self):
         assert len(study.runs) == 1693
 
     @pytest.mark.production_server()
-    def test_get_openml100(self):
-        self.use_production_server()
-
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_get_openml100(self, mock_get):
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(
+            StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=99, alias="OpenML100", n_data=100, n_tasks=100, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, n_runs=None, main_entity_type="task")
+        )
         study = openml.study.get_study("OpenML100", "tasks")
         assert isinstance(study, openml.study.OpenMLBenchmarkSuite)
         study_2 = openml.study.get_suite("OpenML100")
@@ -46,8 +200,11 @@ def test_get_openml100(self):
         assert study.study_id == study_2.study_id
 
     @pytest.mark.production_server()
-    def test_get_study_error(self):
-        self.use_production_server()
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_get_study_error(self, mock_get):
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(
+            StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=99, n_data=1, n_tasks=1, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, n_runs=None, main_entity_type="task")
+        )
 
         with pytest.raises(
             ValueError, match="Unexpected entity type 'task' reported by the server, expected 'run'"
@@ -55,8 +212,11 @@ def test_get_study_error(self):
             openml.study.get_study(99)
 
     @pytest.mark.production_server()
-    def test_get_suite(self):
-        self.use_production_server()
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_get_suite(self, mock_get):
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(
+            StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=99, n_data=72, n_tasks=72, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, n_runs=None, main_entity_type="task")
+        )
 
         study = openml.study.get_suite(99)
         assert len(study.data) == 72
@@ -66,8 +226,11 @@ def test_get_suite(self):
         assert study.setups is None
 
     @pytest.mark.production_server()
-    def test_get_suite_error(self):
-        self.use_production_server()
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_get_suite_error(self, mock_get):
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(
+            StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=123, n_data=1, n_tasks=1, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, n_runs=None, main_entity_type="run")
+        )
 
         with pytest.raises(
             ValueError, match="Unexpected entity type 'run' reported by the server, expected 'task'"
@@ -75,12 +238,15 @@ def test_get_suite_error(self):
             openml.study.get_suite(123)
 
     @pytest.mark.test_server()
-    def test_publish_benchmark_suite(self):
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "post")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_publish_benchmark_suite(self, mock_get, mock_post):
         fixture_alias = None
         fixture_name = "unit tested benchmark suite"
         fixture_descr = "bla"
         fixture_task_ids = [1, 2, 3]
-
+        
+        StudyMockServer.setup_publish_benchmark_suite_mocks(mock_get, mock_post, fixture_name, fixture_descr)
         study = openml.study.create_benchmark_suite(
             alias=fixture_alias,
             name=fixture_name,
@@ -144,23 +310,41 @@ def _test_publish_empty_study_is_allowed(self, explicit: bool):
         assert study_downloaded.runs is None
 
     @pytest.mark.test_server()
-    def test_publish_empty_study_explicit(self):
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "post")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_publish_empty_study_explicit(self, mock_get, mock_post):
+        mock_post.side_effect = [StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_upload_xml(200))]
+        empty_study_xml = StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=200, name="empty-study-explicit", description="a study with no runs attached explicitly", main_entity_type="run", task_ids=None, n_data=0, n_tasks=0, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, n_runs=None, status="in_preparation")
+        mock_get.side_effect = [StudyMockServer.make_response(empty_study_xml), StudyMockServer.make_response(empty_study_xml)]
         self._test_publish_empty_study_is_allowed(explicit=True)
 
     @pytest.mark.test_server()
-    def test_publish_empty_study_implicit(self):
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "post")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_publish_empty_study_implicit(self, mock_get, mock_post):
+        mock_post.side_effect = [StudyMockServer.make_response(StudyMockServer.build_study_upload_xml(200))]
+        empty_study_xml = StudyMockServer.build_study_xml(study_id=200, name="empty-study-implicit", description="a study with no runs attached implicitly", main_entity_type="run", task_ids=None, n_data=0, n_tasks=0, n_flows=0, n_setups=0, n_runs=None, status="in_preparation")
+        mock_get.side_effect = [StudyMockServer.make_response(empty_study_xml), StudyMockServer.make_response(empty_study_xml)]
+        
         self._test_publish_empty_study_is_allowed(explicit=False)
 
     @pytest.mark.flaky()
     @pytest.mark.test_server()
-    def test_publish_study(self):
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "delete")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "post")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_publish_study(self, mock_get, mock_post, mock_delete):
+        fixt_alias = None
+        fixt_name = "unit tested study"
+        fixt_descr = "bla"
+
+        StudyMockServer.setup_publish_study_mocks(mock_get, mock_post, mock_delete, fixt_name, fixt_descr)
+
         # get some random runs to attach
         run_list = openml.evaluations.list_evaluations("predictive_accuracy", size=10)
         assert len(run_list) == 10
 
-        fixt_alias = None
-        fixt_name = "unit tested study"
-        fixt_descr = "bla"
+        
         fixt_flow_ids = {evaluation.flow_id for evaluation in run_list.values()}
         fixt_task_ids = {evaluation.task_id for evaluation in run_list.values()}
         fixt_setup_ids = {evaluation.setup_id for evaluation in run_list.values()}
@@ -223,7 +407,13 @@ def test_publish_study(self):
         assert res
 
     @pytest.mark.test_server()
-    def test_study_attach_illegal(self):
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "delete")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "post")
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_study_attach_illegal(self, mock_get, mock_post, mock_delete):
+
+        StudyMockServer.setup_study_attach_illegal_mocks(mock_get, mock_post, mock_delete)
+
         run_list = openml.runs.list_runs(size=10)
         assert len(run_list) == 10
         run_list_more = openml.runs.list_runs(size=20)
@@ -258,7 +448,15 @@ def test_study_attach_illegal(self):
         self.assertListEqual(study_original.runs, study_downloaded.runs)
 
     @unittest.skip("It is unclear when we can expect the test to pass or fail.")
-    def test_study_list(self):
+    @mock.patch.object(requests.Session, "get")
+    def test_study_list(self, mock_get):
+        studies_xml = """
+        <oml:study_list xmlns:oml="http://openml.org/openml">
+            <oml:study><oml:id>1</oml:id><oml:name>study-one</oml:name><oml:status>in_preparation</oml:status></oml:study>
+            <oml:study><oml:id>2</oml:id><oml:name>study-two</oml:name><oml:status>in_preparation</oml:status></oml:study>
+        </oml:study_list>
+        """
+        mock_get.return_value = StudyMockServer.make_response(studies_xml)
         study_list = openml.study.list_studies(status="in_preparation")
         # might fail if server is recently reset
         assert len(study_list) >= 2