test: replace TS race condition PoC with deterministic JS test

Replace the heavy .mts proof-of-concept test with a lightweight
deterministic .js test as suggested by @Renegade334.

The new test uses SharedArrayBuffer and Atomics to directly simulate
a worker calling process.cwd() during a slow chdir syscall, rather
than pummeling workers to force race conditions. This is faster,
more reliable, and follows Node.js test conventions.

Author: giulioAZ

test/parallel/test-worker-cwd-race-condition.js

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Flags: --expose-internals --no-warnings
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const { internalBinding } = require('internal/test/binding');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const { Worker } = require('worker_threads');
+
+const processBinding = internalBinding('process_methods');
+const originalChdir = processBinding.chdir;
+
+const cwdOriginal = process.cwd();
+const i32 = new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(12));
+
+processBinding.chdir = common.mustCall(function chdir(path) {
+  // Signal to the worker that we're inside the chdir call
+  Atomics.store(i32, 0, 1);
+  Atomics.notify(i32, 0);
+
+  // Pause the chdir call while the worker calls process.cwd(),
+  // to simulate a race condition
+  Atomics.wait(i32, 1, 0);
+
+  return originalChdir(path);
+});
+
+const worker = new Worker(`
+  const {
+    parentPort,
+    workerData: { i32 },
+  } = require('worker_threads');
+
+  // Wait until the main thread has entered the chdir call
+  Atomics.wait(i32, 0, 0);
+
+  const cwdDuringChdir = process.cwd();
+
+  // Signal the main thread to continue the chdir call
+  Atomics.store(i32, 1, 1);
+  Atomics.notify(i32, 1);
+
+  // Wait until the main thread has left the chdir call
+  Atomics.wait(i32, 2, 0);
+
+  const cwdAfterChdir = process.cwd();
+  parentPort.postMessage({ cwdDuringChdir, cwdAfterChdir });
+`, {
+  eval: true,
+  workerData: { i32 },
+});
+
+worker.on('exit', common.mustCall());
+worker.on('error', common.mustNotCall());
+worker.on('message', common.mustCall(({ cwdDuringChdir, cwdAfterChdir }) => {
+  assert.strictEqual(cwdDuringChdir, cwdOriginal);
+  assert.strictEqual(cwdAfterChdir, process.cwd());
+}));
+
+process.chdir('..');
+
+// Signal to the worker that the chdir call is completed
+Atomics.store(i32, 2, 1);
+Atomics.notify(i32, 2);