diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index c32ef83f5b..6e94760b86 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # FOSSA CLI Changelog
 
-## Unreleased
+## 3.16.8
 
+- Poetry: Support PEP 621 `[project].dependencies` for Poetry 2.x projects. Production dependencies declared in the standard `[project]` section are now correctly detected alongside legacy `[tool.poetry.dependencies]`. ([#1683](https://github.com/fossas/fossa-cli/pull/1683))
 - UV: Fix fatal parse error on uv.lock files containing editable/workspace packages with dynamic versions ([#1682](https://github.com/fossas/fossa-cli/pull/1682))
 - Gradle: Add additional development and test configurations for common plugins ([#1684](https://github.com/fossas/fossa-cli/pull/1684))
 
diff --git a/src/Strategy/Python/PDM/PdmLock.hs b/src/Strategy/Python/PDM/PdmLock.hs
index a34c15a651..208c888a41 100644
--- a/src/Strategy/Python/PDM/PdmLock.hs
+++ b/src/Strategy/Python/PDM/PdmLock.hs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import Data.Text (Text)
 import DepTypes (DepEnvironment (EnvDevelopment, EnvProduction), DepType (GitType, PipType, URLType, UnresolvedPathType), Dependency (..), VerConstraint (..), hydrateDepEnvs)
 import Effect.Grapher (deep, direct, edge, evalGrapher, run)
 import Graphing (Graphing, gmap)
-import Strategy.Python.Util (Req (..))
+import Strategy.Python.Util (Req (..), reqName)
 import Toml.Schema qualified
 
 -- | Represents pdm lock file.
@@ -131,10 +131,6 @@ toDependency prodReqs devReqs pkg =
     isUrlReq (UrlReq{}) = True
     isUrlReq _ = False
 
-reqName :: Req -> Text
-reqName (NameReq rname _ _ _) = rname
-reqName (UrlReq rname _ _ _) = rname
-
 buildGraph :: [Req] -> [Req] -> PdmLock -> Graphing Dependency
 buildGraph prodReqs devReqs pdmLock = hydrateDepEnvs $
   gmap (toDependency prodReqs devReqs) $
diff --git a/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/Common.hs b/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/Common.hs
index 7aa23ad55d..5be9558832 100644
--- a/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/Common.hs
+++ b/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/Common.hs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import Strategy.Python.Poetry.PyProject (
   PoetryDependency (..),
   PyProject (..),
   PyProjectBuildSystem (..),
+  PyProjectMetadata (..),
   PyProjectPoetry (..),
   PyProjectPoetryDetailedVersionDependency (..),
   PyProjectPoetryGitDependency (..),
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ import Strategy.Python.Poetry.PyProject (
   allPoetryNonProductionDeps,
   toDependencyVersion,
  )
+import Strategy.Python.Util (reqToDependency)
 
 -- | Gets build backend of pyproject.
 getPoetryBuildBackend :: PyProject -> Maybe Text
@@ -126,13 +128,27 @@ pyProjectDeps project = filter notNamedPython $ map snd allDeps
       Just (PyProjectTool{pyprojectPoetry}) -> maybe Map.empty dependencies pyprojectPoetry
       _ -> mempty
 
+    -- PEP 621 [project].dependencies converted to Dependency with EnvProduction
+    pep621ProdDeps :: Map Text Dependency
+    pep621ProdDeps = case pyprojectProject project of
+      Just (PyProjectMetadata{pyprojectDependencies = Just reqs}) ->
+        Map.fromList $ map toNamedProdDep reqs
+      _ -> mempty
+      where
+        toNamedProdDep req =
+          let dep = (reqToDependency req){dependencyEnvironments = Set.singleton EnvProduction}
+           in (dependencyName dep, dep)
+
     toDependency :: [DepEnvironment] -> Map Text PoetryDependency -> Map Text Dependency
     toDependency depEnvs = Map.mapWithKey $ poetrytoDependency depEnvs
 
     allDeps :: [(Text, Dependency)]
     allDeps = Map.toList prodDeps ++ Map.toList devDeps
       where
-        prodDeps = toDependency [EnvProduction] supportedProdDeps
+        -- Poetry-style prod deps take precedence; PEP 621 fills in anything missing.
+        -- [tool.poetry.dependencies] can carry richer metadata (explicit source, git refs, etc.)
+        -- that PEP 621's PEP 508 strings can't express, so it's strictly more informative.
+        prodDeps = toDependency [EnvProduction] supportedProdDeps `Map.union` pep621ProdDeps
         devDeps = toDependency [EnvDevelopment] supportedDevDeps
 
 -- | Gets Dependency from `PoetryDependency` and it's `DepEnvironment`.
diff --git a/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/PyProject.hs b/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/PyProject.hs
index 29bb2e5aff..ee66f0c18c 100644
--- a/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/PyProject.hs
+++ b/src/Strategy/Python/Poetry/PyProject.hs
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ module Strategy.Python.Poetry.PyProject (
 ) where
 
 import Control.Monad.Combinators.Expr (Operator (..), makeExprParser)
-import Data.Foldable (asum)
+import Data.Foldable (asum, foldl')
 import Data.Functor (void)
-import Data.Map (Map, unions)
+import Data.Map (Map, insert, union, unions)
 import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
 import Data.String.Conversion (toString, toText)
 import Data.Text (Text)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import DepTypes (
     COr
   ),
  )
-import Strategy.Python.Util (Req)
+import Strategy.Python.Util (Req (..), reqName)
 import Text.Megaparsec (
   Parsec,
   empty,
@@ -188,12 +188,28 @@ instance Toml.Schema.FromValue PyProjectPoetryGroupDependencies where
       PyProjectPoetryGroupDependencies
         <$> Toml.Schema.pickKey [Toml.Schema.Key "dependencies" Toml.Schema.fromValue, Toml.Schema.Else (pure mempty)]
 
+-- | Returns all production dependencies from a pyproject.toml.
+-- Merges legacy [tool.poetry.dependencies] with PEP 621 [project].dependencies.
+-- Poetry-style entries take precedence when a dep appears in both sections.
 allPoetryProductionDeps :: PyProject -> Map Text PoetryDependency
-allPoetryProductionDeps project = case pyprojectTool project of
-  Just (PyProjectTool{pyprojectPoetry}) -> case pyprojectPoetry of
-    Just (PyProjectPoetry{dependencies}) -> dependencies
-    _ -> mempty
-  _ -> mempty
+allPoetryProductionDeps project = poetryDeps `union` pep621Deps
+  where
+    -- Legacy [tool.poetry.dependencies] — takes precedence in union
+    poetryDeps = case pyprojectTool project of
+      Just (PyProjectTool{pyprojectPoetry}) -> case pyprojectPoetry of
+        Just (PyProjectPoetry{dependencies}) -> dependencies
+        _ -> mempty
+      _ -> mempty
+
+    -- PEP 621 [project].dependencies — fallback for deps not in poetryDeps.
+    -- We use PoetryTextVersion "*" as a placeholder since the actual version
+    -- comes from the lock file. The key purpose is to register the package name
+    -- so it's recognized as a production dependency.
+    pep621Deps :: Map Text PoetryDependency
+    pep621Deps = case pyprojectProject project of
+      Just (PyProjectMetadata{pyprojectDependencies = Just reqs}) ->
+        foldl' (\acc req -> insert (reqName req) (PoetryTextVersion "*") acc) mempty reqs
+      _ -> mempty
 
 allPoetryNonProductionDeps :: PyProject -> Map Text PoetryDependency
 allPoetryNonProductionDeps project = unions [olderPoetryDevDeps, optionalDeps]
diff --git a/src/Strategy/Python/Util.hs b/src/Strategy/Python/Util.hs
index 3f271c3faa..4cf1c21d92 100644
--- a/src/Strategy/Python/Util.hs
+++ b/src/Strategy/Python/Util.hs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module Strategy.Python.Util (
   MarkerOp (..),
   Operator (..),
   Req (..),
+  reqName,
   requirementParser,
   reqToDependency,
   toConstraint,
@@ -36,15 +37,11 @@ pkgToReq :: PythonPackage -> Req
 pkgToReq p =
   NameReq (pkgName p) Nothing (Just [Version OpEq (pkgVersion p)]) Nothing
 
-depName :: Req -> Text
-depName (NameReq nm _ _ _) = nm
-depName (UrlReq nm _ _ _) = nm
-
 reqToDependency :: Req -> Dependency
 reqToDependency req =
   Dependency
     { dependencyType = PipType
-    , dependencyName = depName req
+    , dependencyName = reqName req
     , dependencyVersion = depVersion req
     , dependencyLocations = []
     , dependencyEnvironments = mempty
@@ -94,7 +91,7 @@ buildGraph maybePackages reqs = do
               Nothing -> pure ()
   where
     findParent :: Text -> Maybe Req
-    findParent packageName = find (\r -> Text.toLower (depName r) == Text.toLower (packageName)) reqs
+    findParent packageName = find (\r -> Text.toLower (reqName r) == Text.toLower (packageName)) reqs
 
 addChildren :: (Has (Grapher Req) sig m) => Req -> PythonPackage -> m ()
 addChildren parent pkg = do
@@ -174,6 +171,10 @@ data Req
   | UrlReq Text (Maybe [Text]) URI.URI (Maybe Marker) -- name, extras, ...
   deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)
 
+reqName :: Req -> Text
+reqName (NameReq name _ _ _) = name
+reqName (UrlReq name _ _ _) = name
+
 instance Toml.Schema.FromValue Req where
   fromValue v = do
     value <- Toml.Schema.fromValue v
diff --git a/test/Python/Poetry/CommonSpec.hs b/test/Python/Poetry/CommonSpec.hs
index 01d80a330a..79dec694d8 100644
--- a/test/Python/Poetry/CommonSpec.hs
+++ b/test/Python/Poetry/CommonSpec.hs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import Strategy.Python.Poetry.PyProject (
   PyProjectPoetryPathDependency (..),
   PyProjectPoetryUrlDependency (..),
   PyProjectTool (..),
+  allPoetryProductionDeps,
  )
 import Test.Hspec (
   Spec,
@@ -159,6 +160,8 @@ spec :: Spec
 spec = do
   nominalContents <- runIO (TIO.readFile "test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pyproject1.toml")
   emptyContents <- runIO (TIO.readFile "test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pyproject2.toml")
+  pep621Contents <- runIO (TIO.readFile "test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621/pyproject.toml")
+  pep621MixedContents <- runIO (TIO.readFile "test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621-mixed/pyproject.toml")
 
   describe "toCanonicalName" $ do
     it "should convert text to lowercase" $
@@ -166,10 +169,51 @@ spec = do
     it "should replace underscore (_) to hyphens (-)" $
       toCanonicalName "my_oh_so_great_pkg" `shouldBe` "my-oh-so-great-pkg"
 
-  describe "getDependencies" $
+  describe "getDependencies" $ do
     it "should get all dependencies" $
       pyProjectDeps expectedPyProject `shouldMatchList` expectedDeps
 
+    it "should get PEP 621 [project].dependencies as production deps" $ do
+      case decodeEither pep621Contents of
+        Left e -> fail $ "Failed to parse pyproject.toml: " <> show e
+        Right pyProject -> do
+          let deps = pyProjectDeps pyProject
+          let prodDeps = filter (\d -> Set.singleton EnvProduction == dependencyEnvironments d) deps
+          let devDeps = filter (\d -> Set.singleton EnvDevelopment == dependencyEnvironments d) deps
+          map dependencyName prodDeps `shouldMatchList` ["requests", "flask"]
+          map dependencyName devDeps `shouldMatchList` ["pytest"]
+
+    it "should prefer [tool.poetry.dependencies] over [project].dependencies for same package" $ do
+      case decodeEither pep621MixedContents of
+        Left e -> fail $ "Failed to parse pyproject.toml: " <> show e
+        Right pyProject -> do
+          let deps = pyProjectDeps pyProject
+          let prodDeps = filter (\d -> Set.singleton EnvProduction == dependencyEnvironments d) deps
+          -- Both requests and flask should be production deps
+          map dependencyName prodDeps `shouldMatchList` ["requests", "flask"]
+
+  describe "allPoetryProductionDeps" $ do
+    it "should include PEP 621 [project].dependencies" $ do
+      case decodeEither pep621Contents of
+        Left e -> fail $ "Failed to parse pyproject.toml: " <> show e
+        Right pyProject -> do
+          let prodDeps = allPoetryProductionDeps pyProject
+          Map.member "requests" prodDeps `shouldBe` True
+          Map.member "flask" prodDeps `shouldBe` True
+
+    it "should prefer [tool.poetry.dependencies] entries over PEP 621 entries" $ do
+      case decodeEither pep621MixedContents of
+        Left e -> fail $ "Failed to parse pyproject.toml: " <> show e
+        Right pyProject -> do
+          let prodDeps = allPoetryProductionDeps pyProject
+          -- requests is in both sections; poetry entry (DetailedVersion) should win
+          case Map.lookup "requests" prodDeps of
+            Just (PyProjectPoetryDetailedVersionDependencySpec _) -> pure ()
+            Just other -> fail $ "Expected DetailedVersionDependencySpec for requests, got: " <> show other
+            Nothing -> fail "requests not found in production deps"
+          -- flask is only in [project].dependencies
+          Map.member "flask" prodDeps `shouldBe` True
+
   describe "supportedPyProjectDep" $
     it "should return false when dependency is sourced from local path" $
       supportedPyProjectDep notSupportedPyProjectDependency `shouldBe` False
diff --git a/test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621-mixed/pyproject.toml b/test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621-mixed/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7488cf747a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621-mixed/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[project]
+name = "my-mixed-project"
+version = "1.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+    "requests>=2.28.0",
+    "flask>=2.0",
+]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+# Poetry-style entry for requests with explicit source — should take precedence
+requests = {version = ">=2.28.0"}
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+pytest = "^6.0"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
diff --git a/test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621/pyproject.toml b/test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f68f9ea3f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Python/Poetry/testdata/pep621/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[project]
+name = "my-pep621-project"
+version = "1.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+    "requests>=2.28.0",
+    "flask>=2.0",
+]
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+pytest = "^6.0"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"