devdunia/python-urllib.html at main · echobash/devdunia · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="images/logo.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/logo.png">
    <title>Python urllib - Developer Toolkit | DevDunia</title>
    <meta name="description" content="Python urllib HTTP client library examples and code snippets. Free online Python urllib reference for developers.">
    <script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>
    <script src="js/common.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 50%, #0f172a 100%);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="h-screen lg:ml-72">
    <!-- Background: Consistent Subtle Dark Gradient -->
    <div class="fixed inset-0 -z-10 bg-gradient-to-br from-gray-900 via-slate-900 to-gray-900"></div>

    <!-- Main Container -->
    <div class="main-content">
        <div class="relative z-10 container mx-auto px-4 pt-16 pb-24 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">

        <!-- Page Header -->
        <div class="text-center mb-12">
            <h1 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl font-bold mb-4 tracking-tight
                       text-transparent bg-clip-text bg-gradient-to-r from-emerald-400 to-teal-500">
                Python urllib
            </h1>
            <p class="text-lg text-gray-400 max-w-2xl mx-auto">
                Built-in HTTP client library with request/response handling examples.
            </p>
        </div>

        <!-- Tool Container -->
        <div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto">
            <div class="bg-slate-800/70 backdrop-blur-md rounded-lg shadow-lg border border-slate-700/60 p-6">

                <!-- HTTP Methods Section -->
                <div class="mb-8">
                    <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold text-emerald-300 mb-4">HTTP Methods</h2>
                    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6">

                        <!-- GET Request -->
                        <div class="bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg p-4 border border-slate-600/50">
                            <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-3">
                                <h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-emerald-300">GET Request</h3>
                                <button class="copy-btn px-3 py-1 bg-emerald-600 hover:bg-emerald-700 text-white text-xs rounded transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center space-x-1" data-target="get-code">
                                    <svg class="w-3 h-3" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v8a2 2 0 01-2 2h-2m-6-4l2 2m0 0l2-2m-2 2V10"></path>
                                    </svg>
                                    <span>Copy</span>
                                </button>
                            </div>
                            <textarea
                                id="get-code"
                                rows="8"
                                class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-slate-800/50 border border-slate-600 rounded text-gray-200 font-mono text-sm resize-none"
                                readonly
                            >import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import json

# Simple GET request
url = "https://api.github.com/users/octocat"
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
data = response.read()
print(data.decode('utf-8'))

# GET with parameters
params = {'q': 'python', 'sort': 'stars'}
url = "https://api.github.com/search/repositories?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
data = json.loads(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
print(data)</textarea>
                        </div>

                        <!-- POST Request -->
                        <div class="bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg p-4 border border-slate-600/50">
                            <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-3">
                                <h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-emerald-300">POST Request</h3>
                                <button class="copy-btn px-3 py-1 bg-emerald-600 hover:bg-emerald-700 text-white text-xs rounded transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center space-x-1" data-target="post-code">
                                    <svg class="w-3 h-3" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v8a2 2 0 01-2 2h-2m-6-4l2 2m0 0l2-2m-2 2V10"></path>
                                    </svg>
                                    <span>Copy</span>
                                </button>
                            </div>
                            <textarea
                                id="post-code"
                                rows="8"
                                class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-slate-800/50 border border-slate-600 rounded text-gray-200 font-mono text-sm resize-none"
                                readonly
                            >import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import json

# POST with JSON data
url = "https://httpbin.org/post"
data = {"name": "John", "age": 30}
json_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')

req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=json_data)
req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
result = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(result)

# POST with form data
form_data = urllib.parse.urlencode({'username': 'john', 'password': 'secret'}).encode('utf-8')
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=form_data)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))</textarea>
                        </div>

                        <!-- PUT Request -->
                        <div class="bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg p-4 border border-slate-600/50">
                            <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-3">
                                <h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-emerald-300">PUT Request</h3>
                                <button class="copy-btn px-3 py-1 bg-emerald-600 hover:bg-emerald-700 text-white text-xs rounded transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center space-x-1" data-target="put-code">
                                    <svg class="w-3 h-3" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v8a2 2 0 01-2 2h-2m-6-4l2 2m0 0l2-2m-2 2V10"></path>
                                    </svg>
                                    <span>Copy</span>
                                </button>
                            </div>
                            <textarea
                                id="put-code"
                                rows="8"
                                class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-slate-800/50 border border-slate-600 rounded text-gray-200 font-mono text-sm resize-none"
                                readonly
                            >import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import json

# PUT request to update resource
url = "https://httpbin.org/put"
data = {"id": 1, "name": "Updated Name", "status": "active"}
json_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')

req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=json_data, method='PUT')
req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
result = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(result)

# PUT with custom headers
headers = {
    'Authorization': 'Bearer your-token-here',
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=json_data, method='PUT', headers=headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))</textarea>
                        </div>

                        <!-- DELETE Request -->
                        <div class="bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg p-4 border border-slate-600/50">
                            <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-3">
                                <h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-emerald-300">DELETE Request</h3>
                                <button class="copy-btn px-3 py-1 bg-emerald-600 hover:bg-emerald-700 text-white text-xs rounded transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center space-x-1" data-target="delete-code">
                                    <svg class="w-3 h-3" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v8a2 2 0 01-2 2h-2m-6-4l2 2m0 0l2-2m-2 2V10"></path>
                                    </svg>
                                    <span>Copy</span>
                                </button>
                            </div>
                            <textarea
                                id="delete-code"
                                rows="8"
                                class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-slate-800/50 border border-slate-600 rounded text-gray-200 font-mono text-sm resize-none"
                                readonly
                            >import urllib.request
import urllib.parse

# DELETE request
url = "https://httpbin.org/delete"
req = urllib.request.Request(url, method='DELETE')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
result = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(result)

# DELETE with authentication
headers = {
    'Authorization': 'Bearer your-token-here'
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url, method='DELETE', headers=headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

# DELETE with query parameters
params = {'id': '123'}
url_with_params = url + '?' + urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
req = urllib.request.Request(url_with_params, method='DELETE')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))</textarea>
                        </div>

                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Advanced Features Section -->
                <div class="mb-8">
                    <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold text-emerald-300 mb-4">Advanced Features</h2>
                    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6">

                        <!-- Error Handling -->
                        <div class="bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg p-4 border border-slate-600/50">
                            <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-3">
                                <h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-emerald-300">Error Handling</h3>
                                <button class="copy-btn px-3 py-1 bg-emerald-600 hover:bg-emerald-700 text-white text-xs rounded transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center space-x-1" data-target="error-code">
                                    <svg class="w-3 h-3" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v8a2 2 0 01-2 2h-2m-6-4l2 2m0 0l2-2m-2 2V10"></path>
                                    </svg>
                                    <span>Copy</span>
                                </button>
                            </div>
                            <textarea
                                id="error-code"
                                rows="10"
                                class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-slate-800/50 border border-slate-600 rounded text-gray-200 font-mono text-sm resize-none"
                                readonly
                            >import urllib.request
import urllib.error

def make_request(url):
    try:
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
        data = response.read().decode('utf-8')
        return data
    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
        print(f"HTTP Error {e.code}: {e.reason}")
        return None
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:
        print(f"URL Error: {e.reason}")
        return None
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
        return None

# Usage
url = "https://httpbin.org/status/404"
result = make_request(url)
if result:
    print(result)
else:
    print("Request failed")</textarea>
                        </div>

                        <!-- File Download -->
                        <div class="bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg p-4 border border-slate-600/50">
                            <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-3">
                                <h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-emerald-300">File Download</h3>
                                <button class="copy-btn px-3 py-1 bg-emerald-600 hover:bg-emerald-700 text-white text-xs rounded transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center space-x-1" data-target="download-code">
                                    <svg class="w-3 h-3" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v8a2 2 0 01-2 2h-2m-6-4l2 2m0 0l2-2m-2 2V10"></path>
                                    </svg>
                                    <span>Copy</span>
                                </button>
                            </div>
                            <textarea
                                id="download-code"
                                rows="10"
                                class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-slate-800/50 border border-slate-600 rounded text-gray-200 font-mono text-sm resize-none"
                                readonly
                            >import urllib.request
import os

def download_file(url, filename):
    try:
        # Download file
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
        print(f"File downloaded: {filename}")

        # Get file info
        file_size = os.path.getsize(filename)
        print(f"File size: {file_size} bytes")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Download failed: {e}")

# Download a file
url = "https://httpbin.org/robots.txt"
filename = "robots.txt"
download_file(url, filename)

# Download with progress
def download_with_progress(url, filename):
    def progress_hook(block_num, block_size, total_size):
        downloaded = block_num * block_size
        if total_size > 0:
            percent = min(100, (downloaded * 100) // total_size)
            print(f"\rDownloaded: {percent}%", end='')

    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename, progress_hook)
    print(f"\nDownload complete: {filename}")

# download_with_progress(url, filename)</textarea>
                        </div>

                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Quick Reference Section -->
                <div class="mt-8 p-4 bg-slate-700/30 rounded-lg border border-slate-600/50">
                    <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold text-emerald-400 mb-3">Quick Reference</h3>
                    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 text-sm">
                        <div>
                            <p class="text-gray-300 font-medium mb-2">Common Modules:</p>
                            <ul class="text-gray-400 space-y-1">
                                <li>• <code>urllib.request</code> - HTTP requests</li>
                                <li>• <code>urllib.parse</code> - URL parsing</li>
                                <li>• <code>urllib.error</code> - Exception handling</li>
                                <li>• <code>urllib.robotparser</code> - robots.txt parsing</li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <p class="text-gray-300 font-medium mb-2">Key Functions:</p>
                            <ul class="text-gray-400 space-y-1">
                                <li>• <code>urlopen()</code> - Open URLs</li>
                                <li>• <code>urlretrieve()</code> - Download files</li>
                                <li>• <code>urlencode()</code> - Encode parameters</li>
                                <li>• <code>Request()</code> - Create requests</li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Sidebar Scripts -->

    <!-- Include Final Sidebar -->
    <div id="sidebar-container"></div>
    <script>
        // Load final_sidebar.html content
        fetch('final_sidebar.html')
            .then(response => response.text())
            .then(html => {
                document.getElementById('sidebar-container').innerHTML = html;
            })
            .catch(error => {
                console.error('Error loading sidebar:', error);
            });
    </script>
</body>
</html>