diff --git a/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/InvokeClient.java b/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/InvokeClient.java
index 62a9768746..5bbd7b4bc9 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/InvokeClient.java
+++ b/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/InvokeClient.java
@@ -13,19 +13,21 @@
 
 package io.dapr.examples.tracing;
 
-import io.dapr.client.DaprClient;
-import io.dapr.client.DaprClientBuilder;
-import io.dapr.client.domain.HttpExtension;
-import io.dapr.client.domain.InvokeMethodRequest;
+import io.dapr.config.Properties;
 import io.dapr.examples.OpenTelemetryConfig;
-import io.dapr.utils.TypeRef;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.GlobalOpenTelemetry;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.SpanKind;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
 import io.opentelemetry.context.Scope;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapSetter;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.OpenTelemetrySdk;
 
-import static io.dapr.examples.OpenTelemetryConfig.getReactorContext;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
 
 /**
  * 1. Build and install jars:
@@ -52,30 +54,50 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     Tracer tracer = openTelemetrySdk.getTracer(InvokeClient.class.getCanonicalName());
     Span span = tracer.spanBuilder("Example's Main").setSpanKind(SpanKind.CLIENT).startSpan();
 
-    try (DaprClient client = (new DaprClientBuilder()).build()) {
-      for (String message : args) {
-        try (Scope scope = span.makeCurrent()) {
-          InvokeMethodRequest request = new InvokeMethodRequest(SERVICE_APP_ID, "proxy_echo")
-              .setBody(message)
-              .setHttpExtension(HttpExtension.POST);
-          client.invokeMethod(request, TypeRef.get(byte[].class))
-              .map(r -> {
-                System.out.println(new String(r));
-                return r;
-              })
-              .flatMap(r -> {
-                InvokeMethodRequest sleepRequest = new InvokeMethodRequest(SERVICE_APP_ID, "proxy_sleep")
-                    .setHttpExtension(HttpExtension.POST);
-                return client.invokeMethod(sleepRequest, TypeRef.get(Void.class));
-              }).contextWrite(getReactorContext()).block();
-        }
+    int port = Properties.HTTP_PORT.get();
+    String baseUrl = "http://localhost:" + port + "/v1.0/invoke/" + SERVICE_APP_ID + "/method/";
+
+    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
+
+    for (String message : args) {
+      try (Scope scope = span.makeCurrent()) {
+        // Call proxy_echo
+        HttpRequest.Builder echoBuilder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(URI.create(baseUrl + "proxy_echo"))
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(message));
+        injectTraceContext(echoBuilder);
+        addDaprApiToken(echoBuilder);
+        HttpResponse<byte[]> echoResponse =
+            httpClient.send(echoBuilder.build(), HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofByteArray());
+        System.out.println(new String(echoResponse.body()));
+
+        // Call proxy_sleep
+        HttpRequest.Builder sleepBuilder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+            .uri(URI.create(baseUrl + "proxy_sleep"))
+            .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.noBody());
+        injectTraceContext(sleepBuilder);
+        addDaprApiToken(sleepBuilder);
+        httpClient.send(sleepBuilder.build(), HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.discarding());
       }
+    }
+
+    span.end();
+    openTelemetrySdk.getSdkTracerProvider().shutdown();
+    Validation.validate();
+    System.out.println("Done");
+    System.exit(0);
+  }
+
+  private static void injectTraceContext(HttpRequest.Builder builder) {
+    TextMapSetter<HttpRequest.Builder> setter = HttpRequest.Builder::header;
+    GlobalOpenTelemetry.getPropagators().getTextMapPropagator()
+        .inject(Context.current(), builder, setter);
+  }
 
-      span.end();
-      openTelemetrySdk.getSdkTracerProvider().shutdown();
-      Validation.validate();
-      System.out.println("Done");
-      System.exit(0);
+  private static void addDaprApiToken(HttpRequest.Builder builder) {
+    String token = Properties.API_TOKEN.get();
+    if (token != null) {
+      builder.header("dapr-api-token", token);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/TracingDemoMiddleServiceController.java b/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/TracingDemoMiddleServiceController.java
index 323d4c0232..134deda33c 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/TracingDemoMiddleServiceController.java
+++ b/examples/src/main/java/io/dapr/examples/tracing/TracingDemoMiddleServiceController.java
@@ -13,20 +13,21 @@
 
 package io.dapr.examples.tracing;
 
-import io.dapr.client.DaprClient;
-import io.dapr.client.domain.HttpExtension;
-import io.dapr.client.domain.InvokeMethodRequest;
+import io.dapr.config.Properties;
 import io.dapr.examples.OpenTelemetryInterceptor;
-import io.dapr.utils.TypeRef;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.GlobalOpenTelemetry;
 import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapSetter;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
-import static io.dapr.examples.OpenTelemetryConfig.getReactorContext;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
 
 /**
  * SpringBoot Controller to handle service invocation.
@@ -38,11 +39,7 @@ public class TracingDemoMiddleServiceController {
 
   private static final String INVOKE_APP_ID = "tracingdemo";
 
-  /**
-   * Dapr client.
-   */
-  @Autowired
-  private DaprClient client;
+  private static final HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
 
   /**
    * Handles the 'echo' method invocation, by proxying a call into another service.
@@ -55,10 +52,14 @@ public class TracingDemoMiddleServiceController {
   public Mono<byte[]> echo(
       @RequestAttribute(name = "opentelemetry-context") Context context,
       @RequestBody(required = false) String body) {
-    InvokeMethodRequest request = new InvokeMethodRequest(INVOKE_APP_ID, "echo")
-        .setBody(body)
-        .setHttpExtension(HttpExtension.POST);
-    return client.invokeMethod(request, TypeRef.get(byte[].class)).contextWrite(getReactorContext(context));
+    return Mono.fromFuture(() -> {
+      HttpRequest.Builder builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+          .uri(URI.create(buildInvokeUrl("echo")))
+          .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(body != null ? body : ""));
+      injectTraceContext(builder, context);
+      addDaprApiToken(builder);
+      return httpClient.sendAsync(builder.build(), HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofByteArray());
+    }).map(HttpResponse::body);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -69,9 +70,32 @@ public Mono<byte[]> echo(
    */
   @PostMapping(path = "/proxy_sleep")
   public Mono<Void> sleep(@RequestAttribute(name = "opentelemetry-context") Context context) {
-    InvokeMethodRequest request = new InvokeMethodRequest(INVOKE_APP_ID, "sleep")
-        .setHttpExtension(HttpExtension.POST);
-    return client.invokeMethod(request, TypeRef.get(byte[].class)).contextWrite(getReactorContext(context)).then();
+    return Mono.fromFuture(() -> {
+      HttpRequest.Builder builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+          .uri(URI.create(buildInvokeUrl("sleep")))
+          .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.noBody());
+      injectTraceContext(builder, context);
+      addDaprApiToken(builder);
+      return httpClient.sendAsync(builder.build(), HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.discarding());
+    }).then();
+  }
+
+  private static String buildInvokeUrl(String method) {
+    int port = Properties.HTTP_PORT.get();
+    return "http://localhost:" + port + "/v1.0/invoke/" + INVOKE_APP_ID + "/method/" + method;
+  }
+
+  private static void injectTraceContext(HttpRequest.Builder builder, Context context) {
+    TextMapSetter<HttpRequest.Builder> setter = HttpRequest.Builder::header;
+    GlobalOpenTelemetry.getPropagators().getTextMapPropagator()
+        .inject(context, builder, setter);
+  }
+
+  private static void addDaprApiToken(HttpRequest.Builder builder) {
+    String token = Properties.API_TOKEN.get();
+    if (token != null) {
+      builder.header("dapr-api-token", token);
+    }
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/methodinvoke/http/MethodInvokeIT.java b/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/methodinvoke/http/MethodInvokeIT.java
index 9d9ac02f8b..3c1ee01b51 100644
--- a/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/methodinvoke/http/MethodInvokeIT.java
+++ b/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/methodinvoke/http/MethodInvokeIT.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
+@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class MethodInvokeIT extends BaseIT {
 
     //Number of messages to be sent: 10
diff --git a/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/grpc/TracingIT.java b/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/grpc/TracingIT.java
index 2563473981..43f982eed4 100644
--- a/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/grpc/TracingIT.java
+++ b/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/grpc/TracingIT.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static io.dapr.it.tracing.OpenTelemetry.createOpenTelemetry;
 import static io.dapr.it.tracing.OpenTelemetry.getReactorContext;
 
+@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class TracingIT extends BaseIT {
 
     /**
diff --git a/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/http/TracingIT.java b/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/http/TracingIT.java
index 3285d2ca84..b133ce7213 100644
--- a/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/http/TracingIT.java
+++ b/sdk-tests/src/test/java/io/dapr/it/tracing/http/TracingIT.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static io.dapr.it.tracing.OpenTelemetry.createOpenTelemetry;
 import static io.dapr.it.tracing.OpenTelemetry.getReactorContext;
 
+@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class TracingIT extends BaseIT {
 
     /**
diff --git a/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/AbstractDaprClient.java b/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/AbstractDaprClient.java
index c9c4bf8ca4..52e1fb069d 100644
--- a/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/AbstractDaprClient.java
+++ b/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/AbstractDaprClient.java
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ public Mono<Void> publishEvent(String pubsubName, String topicName, Object data,
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
       String appId,
       String methodName,
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
       String appId,
       String methodName,
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
       String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata, TypeRef<T> type) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, null, httpExtension, metadata, type);
@@ -159,6 +162,7 @@ public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
       String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata, Class<T> clazz) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, null, httpExtension, metadata, TypeRef.get(clazz));
@@ -168,6 +172,7 @@ public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                                   TypeRef<T> type) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, request, httpExtension, null, type);
@@ -177,6 +182,7 @@ public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request,
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                                   Class<T> clazz) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, request, httpExtension, null, TypeRef.get(clazz));
@@ -186,6 +192,7 @@ public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request,
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, request, httpExtension, null, TypeRef.BYTE_ARRAY).then();
   }
@@ -194,6 +201,7 @@ public Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request,
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public Mono<Void> invokeMethod(
       String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, request, httpExtension, metadata, TypeRef.BYTE_ARRAY).then();
@@ -203,6 +211,7 @@ public Mono<Void> invokeMethod(
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public Mono<Void> invokeMethod(
       String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, null, httpExtension, metadata, TypeRef.BYTE_ARRAY).then();
@@ -212,6 +221,7 @@ public Mono<Void> invokeMethod(
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public Mono<byte[]> invokeMethod(
       String appId, String methodName, byte[] request, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata) {
     return this.invokeMethod(appId, methodName, request, httpExtension, metadata, TypeRef.BYTE_ARRAY);
diff --git a/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClient.java b/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClient.java
index ddf89f587f..00acb18971 100644
--- a/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClient.java
+++ b/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClient.java
@@ -178,7 +178,10 @@ <T> Mono<BulkPublishResponse<T>> publishEvents(String pubsubName, String topicNa
    * @param type          The Type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>           The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object data, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                            Map<String, String> metadata, TypeRef<T> type);
 
@@ -194,7 +197,10 @@ <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object data, HttpExten
    * @param clazz         The type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>           The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                            Map<String, String> metadata, Class<T> clazz);
 
@@ -209,7 +215,10 @@ <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpEx
    * @param type          The Type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>           The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                            TypeRef<T> type);
 
@@ -224,7 +233,10 @@ <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpEx
    * @param clazz         The type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>           The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                            Class<T> clazz);
 
@@ -239,7 +251,10 @@ <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpEx
    * @param type          The Type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>           The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata,
                            TypeRef<T> type);
 
@@ -254,7 +269,10 @@ <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExte
    * @param clazz         The type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>           The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata,
                            Class<T> clazz);
 
@@ -268,7 +286,10 @@ <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExte
    *                      HTTP, {@link HttpExtension#NONE} otherwise.
    * @param metadata      Metadata (in GRPC) or headers (in HTTP) to be sent in request.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type Void.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                           Map<String, String> metadata);
 
@@ -281,7 +302,10 @@ Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExt
    * @param httpExtension Additional fields that are needed if the receiving app is listening on
    *                      HTTP, {@link HttpExtension#NONE} otherwise.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type Void.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExtension httpExtension);
 
   /**
@@ -293,7 +317,10 @@ Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExt
    *                      HTTP, {@link HttpExtension#NONE} otherwise.
    * @param metadata      Metadata (in GRPC) or headers (in HTTP) to be sent in request.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type Void.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, HttpExtension httpExtension, Map<String, String> metadata);
 
   /**
@@ -306,7 +333,10 @@ Mono<Void> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, Object request, HttpExt
    *                      HTTP, {@link HttpExtension#NONE} otherwise.
    * @param metadata      Metadata (in GRPC) or headers (in HTTP) to be sent in request.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type byte[].
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   Mono<byte[]> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, byte[] request, HttpExtension httpExtension,
                             Map<String, String> metadata);
 
@@ -317,7 +347,10 @@ Mono<byte[]> invokeMethod(String appId, String methodName, byte[] request, HttpE
    * @param type                 The Type needed as return for the call.
    * @param <T>                  The Type of the return, use byte[] to skip serialization.
    * @return A Mono Plan of type T.
+   *
+   * @deprecated It is recommended to use language-native HTTP clients or gRPC clients for service invocation instead.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(InvokeMethodRequest invokeMethodRequest, TypeRef<T> type);
 
   /**
diff --git a/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientImpl.java b/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientImpl.java
index 60c7568377..e5c95ec0d7 100644
--- a/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientImpl.java
+++ b/sdk/src/main/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientImpl.java
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@
 import reactor.util.retry.Retry;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -606,6 +607,7 @@ private <T> Subscription<T> buildSubscription(
   }
 
   @Override
+  @Deprecated
   public <T> Mono<T> invokeMethod(InvokeMethodRequest invokeMethodRequest, TypeRef<T> type) {
     try {
       final String appId = invokeMethodRequest.getAppId();
diff --git a/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientHttpTest.java b/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientHttpTest.java
index ca3c1c5341..af6791d7e1 100644
--- a/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientHttpTest.java
+++ b/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/client/DaprClientHttpTest.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class DaprClientHttpTest {
 
   private final String EXPECTED_RESULT =
diff --git a/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/runtime/DaprRuntimeTest.java b/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/runtime/DaprRuntimeTest.java
index 2343ca0591..7e2faafd09 100644
--- a/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/runtime/DaprRuntimeTest.java
+++ b/sdk/src/test/java/io/dapr/runtime/DaprRuntimeTest.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class DaprRuntimeTest {
 
   protected static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JsonFactory();