diff --git a/packages/shared/src/__tests__/fixtures.ts b/packages/shared/src/__tests__/fixtures.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e728e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/shared/src/__tests__/fixtures.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ * Shared test fixtures for push-pipeline tests.
+ *
+ * Previously duplicated as local `makeUser` / `makeProblem` / `makeChannel`
+ * functions in individual test files. Centralised here so a schema change
+ * only needs to touch one place.
+ */
+import type { PushCandidate, VerifiedChannel } from '../push/push.repository.js'
+import type { PushMessage, SelectedProblem } from '../types/push.js'
+
+export function makeUser(overrides: Partial<PushCandidate> = {}): PushCandidate {
+  return {
+    id: 'user-1',
+    timezone: 'Asia/Taipei',
+    active_mode: 'list',
+    difficulty_min: 0,
+    difficulty_max: 3000,
+    topic_filter: null,
+    line_push_allowed: true,
+    ...overrides,
+  }
+}
+
+export function makeProblem(overrides: Partial<SelectedProblem> = {}): SelectedProblem {
+  return {
+    problem_id: 42,
+    leetcode_id: 1,
+    slug: 'two-sum',
+    title: 'Two Sum',
+    difficulty: 'Easy',
+    explanation: 'Use a hash map.',
+    ...overrides,
+  }
+}
+
+export function makeChannel(overrides: Partial<VerifiedChannel> = {}): VerifiedChannel {
+  return {
+    id: 'ch-1',
+    user_id: 'user-1',
+    channel_type: 'telegram',
+    channel_identifier: '123456',
+    ...overrides,
+  }
+}
+
+export function makePushMessage(overrides: Partial<PushMessage> = {}): PushMessage {
+  return {
+    title: 'Two Sum',
+    difficulty: 'Easy',
+    leetcodeId: 1,
+    explanation: 'Use a hash map.',
+    url: 'https://caffecode.net/problems/two-sum',
+    problemSlug: 'two-sum',
+    problemId: 42,
+    ...overrides,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/push/__tests__/push.pipeline.test.ts b/packages/shared/src/push/__tests__/push.pipeline.test.ts
index 7b7f713..1da030d 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/push/__tests__/push.pipeline.test.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/push/__tests__/push.pipeline.test.ts
@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@ import {
   stampLastPushDate,
   advanceListPositions,
   resetChannelFailures,
-  type PushCandidate,
-  type VerifiedChannel,
 } from '../push.repository.js'
 import { selectProblemForUser } from '../../services/problem-selector.js'
 import type { SupabaseClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js'
-import type { SelectedProblem } from '../../types/push.js'
 import type { NotificationChannel } from '../channels/registry.js'
+import { makeUser, makeProblem, makeChannel } from '../../__tests__/fixtures.js'
 
 const mockGetAllCandidates = vi.mocked(getAllCandidates)
 const mockGetChannels = vi.mocked(getVerifiedChannelsBulk)
@@ -35,41 +33,6 @@ const db = {} as SupabaseClient
 // A p-limit stub that invokes the thunk immediately (no concurrency control needed in tests)
 const noopLimit = vi.fn((fn: () => unknown) => fn()) as unknown as LimitFunction
 
-function makeUser(overrides: Partial<PushCandidate> = {}): PushCandidate {
-  return {
-    id: 'user-1',
-    timezone: 'Asia/Taipei',
-    active_mode: 'list',
-    difficulty_min: 0,
-    difficulty_max: 3000,
-    topic_filter: null,
-    line_push_allowed: true,
-    ...overrides,
-  }
-}
-
-function makeProblem(overrides: Partial<SelectedProblem> = {}): SelectedProblem {
-  return {
-    problem_id: 42,
-    leetcode_id: 1,
-    slug: 'two-sum',
-    title: 'Two Sum',
-    difficulty: 'Easy',
-    explanation: 'Use a hash map.',
-    ...overrides,
-  }
-}
-
-function makeChannel(overrides: Partial<VerifiedChannel> = {}): VerifiedChannel {
-  return {
-    id: 'ch-1',
-    user_id: 'user-1',
-    channel_type: 'telegram',
-    channel_identifier: '123456',
-    ...overrides,
-  }
-}
-
 // Channel registry stub: dispatches succeed without real HTTP calls
 function makeChannelRegistry(channelTypes = ['telegram', 'email', 'line']): Record<string, NotificationChannel> {
   const channel: NotificationChannel = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ success: true })