diff --git a/asdf/_tests/test_asdf.py b/asdf/_tests/test_asdf.py
index b7095467f..cf1cdaa3d 100644
--- a/asdf/_tests/test_asdf.py
+++ b/asdf/_tests/test_asdf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import os
+import pickle
 
+import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
 from asdf import config_context
@@ -379,3 +381,12 @@ def test_fsspec_http(httpserver):
     with fsspec.open(fn) as f:
         af = open_asdf(f)
         assert_tree_match(tree, af.tree)
+
+
+def test_asdf_file_pickle_from_dict():
+    """Verify that an AsdfFile created from a dict (with no file descriptor) can be pickled"""
+    tree = {"a": 1, "b": {"c": 2, "d": np.ones((10, 10))}}
+    af = AsdfFile(tree)
+    pkl = pickle.dumps(af)
+    loaded = pickle.loads(pkl)  # noqa: S301
+    assert_tree_match(af.tree, loaded.tree)
diff --git a/asdf/_tests/test_extension.py b/asdf/_tests/test_extension.py
index de0c0c1fa..ae13a46ad 100644
--- a/asdf/_tests/test_extension.py
+++ b/asdf/_tests/test_extension.py
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
     Validator,
     get_cached_extension_manager,
 )
-from asdf.extension._manager import _resolve_type
+from asdf.extension._manager import ValidatorManager, _resolve_type
+from asdf.tagged import TaggedList
 from asdf.testing.helpers import roundtrip_object
 
 
@@ -734,6 +735,31 @@ def test_validator():
                 af.validate()
 
 
+class ValidatorFailOn(Validator):
+    schema_property = "fail"
+    tags = ["fail"]
+
+    def __init__(self, fail_on):
+        self.fail_on = fail_on
+
+    def validate(self, schema_property_value, node, schema):
+        if schema_property_value == self.fail_on:
+            yield ValidationError("Node was doomed to fail")
+
+
+def test_validator_manager():
+    validator = ValidatorManager([ValidatorFailOn("bar")])
+    errs = list(validator.validate("fail", "foo", TaggedList([], "fail"), {}))
+    assert len(errs) == 0
+
+    errs = list(validator.validate("fail", "bar", TaggedList([], "other"), {}))
+    assert len(errs) == 0
+
+    errs = list(validator.validate("fail", "bar", TaggedList([], "fail"), {}))
+    assert len(errs) == 1
+    assert isinstance(errs[0], ValidationError)
+
+
 def test_converter_deferral():
     class Bar:
         def __init__(self, value):
diff --git a/asdf/extension/_manager.py b/asdf/extension/_manager.py
index d02b35600..74e8ec2ed 100644
--- a/asdf/extension/_manager.py
+++ b/asdf/extension/_manager.py
@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from asdf.tagged import Tagged
 from asdf.util import get_class_name, uri_match
 
 from ._extension import ExtensionProxy
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+    from typing import Any
+
+    from asdf.exceptions import ValidationError
+    from asdf.extension import Validator
+    from asdf.typing import TreeKey
+
 
 def _resolve_type(path):
     """
@@ -317,7 +329,7 @@ def _get_cached_extension_manager(extensions):
 
 class ValidatorManager:
     """
-    Wraps a list of custom validators and indexes them by schema property.
+    Wraps a list of custom validators and binds them to their associated schemas.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
@@ -325,24 +337,18 @@ class ValidatorManager:
         List of validators to manage.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, validators):
-        self._validators = list(validators)
+    def __init__(self, validators: Iterable[Validator]):
+        self._validators = {}
+        for validator in validators:
+            if validator.schema_property not in self._validators:
+                self._validators[validator.schema_property] = set()
 
-        self._validators_by_schema_property = {}
-        for validator in self._validators:
-            if validator.schema_property not in self._validators_by_schema_property:
-                self._validators_by_schema_property[validator.schema_property] = set()
-            self._validators_by_schema_property[validator.schema_property].add(validator)
+            self._validators[validator.schema_property].add(validator)
 
-        self._jsonschema_validators_by_schema_property = {}
-        for schema_property in self._validators_by_schema_property:
-            self._jsonschema_validators_by_schema_property[schema_property] = self._get_jsonschema_validator(
-                schema_property,
-            )
-
-    def validate(self, schema_property, schema_property_value, node, schema):
-        """
-        Validate an ASDF tree node against custom validators for a schema property.
+    def validate(
+        self, schema_property: str, schema_property_value: Any, node: Tagged, schema: Mapping[TreeKey, Any]
+    ) -> Iterator[ValidationError]:
+        """Validate an ASDF tree node against custom validators for a schema property.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
@@ -360,27 +366,34 @@ def validate(self, schema_property, schema_property_value, node, schema):
         ------
         asdf.exceptions.ValidationError
         """
-        if schema_property in self._validators_by_schema_property:
-            for validator in self._validators_by_schema_property[schema_property]:
-                if _validator_matches(validator, node):
-                    yield from validator.validate(schema_property_value, node, schema)
+        for validator in self._validators[schema_property]:
+            if _validator_matches(validator, node):
+                yield from validator.validate(schema_property_value, node, schema)
 
-    def get_jsonschema_validators(self):
-        """
-        Get a dictionary of validator methods suitable for use
-        with the jsonschema library.
+    def get_jsonschema_validators(self) -> dict[str, JsonSchemaValidators]:
+        """Get a dictionary mapping schema names to ``jsonschema``-compatible validator functions."""
+        return {
+            schema_property: JsonSchemaValidators(schema_property, frozenset(validators))
+            for schema_property, validators in self._validators.items()
+        }
 
-        Returns
-        -------
-        dict of str: callable
-        """
-        return dict(self._jsonschema_validators_by_schema_property)
 
-    def _get_jsonschema_validator(self, schema_property):
-        def _validator(_, schema_property_value, node, schema):
-            return self.validate(schema_property, schema_property_value, node, schema)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class JsonSchemaValidators:
+    """Callable that wraps a set of `Validator` objects to make them compatible with `jsonschema`.
+
+    Each validator is always passed `schema_property` as its first argument regardless of the actual input schema.
+    """
+
+    schema_property: str
+    validators: frozenset[Validator]
 
-        return _validator
+    def __call__(
+        self, _schema_property: Any, schema_property_value: Any, node: Tagged, schema: Mapping[TreeKey, Any]
+    ) -> Iterator[ValidationError]:
+        for validator in self.validators:
+            if _validator_matches(validator, node):
+                yield from validator.validate(schema_property_value, node, schema)
 
 
 def _validator_matches(validator, node):
diff --git a/asdf/extension/_validator.py b/asdf/extension/_validator.py
index c695ac7a9..155e2d3b3 100644
--- a/asdf/extension/_validator.py
+++ b/asdf/extension/_validator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import abc
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+
+    from asdf.exceptions import ValidationError
+    from asdf.tagged import Tagged
+    from asdf.typing import TreeKey
 
 
 class Validator(abc.ABC):
@@ -8,13 +18,14 @@ class Validator(abc.ABC):
     """
 
     @abc.abstractproperty
-    def schema_property(self):
+    def schema_property(self) -> str:
         """
         Name of the schema property used to invoke this validator.
         """
+        ...
 
     @abc.abstractproperty
-    def tags(self):
+    def tags(self) -> Iterable[str]:
         """
         Get the YAML tags that are appropriate to this validator.
         URI patterns are permitted, see `asdf.util.uri_match` for details.
@@ -24,9 +35,12 @@ def tags(self):
         iterable of str
             Tag URIs or URI patterns.
         """
+        ...
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def validate(self, schema_property_value, node, schema):
+    def validate(
+        self, schema_property_value: Any, node: Tagged, schema: Mapping[TreeKey, Any]
+    ) -> Iterator[ValidationError]:
         """
         Validate the given node from the ASDF tree.
 
@@ -54,3 +68,4 @@ def validate(self, schema_property_value, node, schema):
         asdf.exceptions.ValidationError
             Yield an instance of ValidationError for each error present in the node.
         """
+        ...
diff --git a/asdf/tags/core/__init__.py b/asdf/tags/core/__init__.py
index 2b74bcb13..2f42c5fdf 100644
--- a/asdf/tags/core/__init__.py
+++ b/asdf/tags/core/__init__.py
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@
 # to pass an isinstance(..., dict) check and to allow it to be "lazy"
 # loaded when "lazy_tree=True".
 class AsdfObject(collections.UserDict, dict):
-    pass
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # Necessary for correct pickling/unpickling
+        # Otherwise pickle will use dict's reduce method which causes UserDict to fail to unpickle
+        return super(collections.UserDict, self).__reduce__()
 
 
 class Software(dict):
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index b4a5b2d18..a2f6f676b 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -140,9 +140,7 @@ omit = [
 ]
 
 [tool.coverage.report]
-exclude_lines = [
-  # Have to re-enable the standard pragma
-  "pragma: no cover",
+exclude_also = [
   # Don't complain about packages we have installed
   "except ImportError",
   # Don't complain if tests don't hit assertions
@@ -152,8 +150,6 @@ exclude_lines = [
   'def main\(.*\):',
   # Ignore branches that don't pertain to this version of Python
   "pragma: py{ ignore_python_version }",
-  # Ignore type-checking imports
-  "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]