Useful-Terminal-Commands.md

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• Useful Terminal Commands

Useful Terminal Commands

Here I will list a bunch of useful commands to make a central place to search for them. They are mostly notes to help me remember them all in my Linux exploring journey.

📁 File & Directory Management

Command	Description
ls	List files and directories
cd	Change directory
pwd	Show current directory
tree	Show directory tree
cp	Copy files/directories
mv	Move or rename files

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📄 File Viewing & Editing

Command	Description
cat	View file contents
less	Paginated file viewer
more	Basic file viewer
head	Show first lines
tail	Show last lines
watch	Run command repeatedly
nano	Simple text editor
vim / vi	Advanced text editor

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🔍 Search & Text Processing

Command	Description
find	Search files
locate	Fast file search
grep	Search text
awk	Pattern scanning
sed	Stream editor
cut	Extract columns
sort	Sort text
uniq	Remove duplicates
wc	Word/line count

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🧠 Process & System Monitoring

Command	Description
ps	Show processes
top	Live process list
htop	Enhanced process viewer
btop	Enhanced process viewer
uptime	System run time
free	Memory usage
df	Disk usage
du	Directory size
kill	Stop a process
killall	Kill by name
systemd-analyze	Analyze boot performance
systemd-analyze blame	Analyze boot performance ordered by the time they took to initialise

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🌐 Networking

Command	Description
ip a	Network interfaces
ip r	Routing table
ping	Test connectivity
ss	Socket statistics
curl	HTTP requests
wget	Download files
scp	Secure copy
ssh	Remote login
nc	Netcat

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📦 Package Management

Debian / Ubuntu (APT)

Command	Description
apt update	Update package list
apt upgrade	Upgrade packages
apt install	Install package
apt remove	Remove package

Fedora / RHEL (DNF)

Command	Description
dnf install	Install package
dnf update	Update packages
dnf remove	Remove package

Command	Description
pacman -Syu	Update system
pacman -S	Install a package
pacman -R	Remove a package
pacman -Rs	Remove package and unneeded dependencies
pacman -Rns	Remove package, unneeded dependencies, and config files
pacman -Ss	Search packages
pacman -Qi	Package information
pacman -Qs	Search installed packages
pacman -Sc	Clean package cache
yay -Syu	Update system & AUR packages
yay -S <pkg>	Install a package from repos or AUR
yay -R <pkg>	Remove a package
yay -Ss <pkg>	Search for a package
yay -Qi <pkg>	Show package info
yay -Qs <pkg>	Search installed packages
yay -Sc	Clean package cache
paru -Syu	Update system & AUR packages
paru -S <pkg>	Install a package from repos or AUR
paru -R <pkg>	Remove a package
paru -Ss <pkg>	Search for a package
paru -Qi <pkg>	Show package info
paru -Qs <pkg>	Search installed packages
paru -Sc	Clean package cache

openSUSE (Zypper)

Command	Description
zypper refresh	Refresh repositories
zypper update	Update packages
zypper install	Install a package
zypper remove	Remove a package
zypper remove --clean-deps	Remove package and unused dependencies
zypper search	Search for a package
zypper info	Package information
zypper repos	List repositories

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🔧 Disk & Hardware

Command	Description
lsblk	List block devices
mount	Mount filesystem
umount	Unmount filesystem
blkid	Show UUIDs
dmesg	Kernel messages

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📜 Logs & System Info

Command	Description
journalctl	View system logs
uname -a	Kernel info
hostnamectl	Hostname info
lsusb	USB devices
lspci	PCI devices

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🧰 Shell & Utilities

Command	Description
history	Command history
clear	Clear terminal
exit	Exit shell
stow	Manage dotfiles using GNU Stow

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💻 Version Control & Git

Command	Description
git status	Show current repo status
git add --all	Stage all changes
git commit -m ""	Commit staged changes
git push	Push commits to remote repository

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