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PACMAN(8)                                   Pacman Manual                                  PACMAN(8)

NNAAMMEE
       pacman - package manager utility

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       _p_a_c_m_a_n <operation> [options] [targets]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux system. It
       features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall scripts, and the ability
       to sync your local machine with a remote repository to automatically upgrade packages. Pacman
       packages are a zipped tar format.

       Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the front-end to lliibbaallppmm(3), the "Arch Linux Package
       Management" library. This library allows alternative front-ends to be written (for instance,
       a GUI front-end).

       Invoking pacman involves specifying an operation with any potential options and targets to
       operate on. A _t_a_r_g_e_t is usually a package name, file name, URL, or a search string. Targets
       can be provided as command line arguments. Additionally, if stdin is not from a terminal and
       a single hyphen (-) is passed as an argument, targets will be read from stdin.

OOPPEERRAATTIIOONNSS
       --DD,, ----ddaattaabbaassee
           Operate on the package database. This operation allows you to modify certain attributes
           of the installed packages in pacman's database. It also allows you to check the databases
           for internal consistency. See Database Options below.

       --QQ,, ----qquueerryy
           Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed packages and
           their files, as well as meta-information about individual packages (dependencies,
           conflicts, install date, build date, size). This can be run against the local package
           database or can be used on individual package files. In the first case, if no package
           names are provided in the command line, all installed packages will be queried.
           Additionally, various filters can be applied on the package list. See Query Options
           below.

       --RR,, ----rreemmoovvee
           Remove package(s) from the system. Groups can also be specified to be removed, in which
           case every package in that group will be removed. Files belonging to the specified
           package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most configuration files will
           be saved with a _._p_a_c_s_a_v_e extension unless the _-_-_n_o_s_a_v_e option is used. See Remove Options
           below.

       --SS,, ----ssyynncc
           Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the remote repositories,
           including all dependencies required to run the packages. For example, pacman -S qt will
           download and install qt and all the packages it depends on. If a package name exists in
           more than one repository, the repository can be explicitly specified to clarify the
           package to install: pacman -S testing/qt. You can also specify version requirements:
           pacman -S "bash>=3.2". Quotes are needed, otherwise the shell interprets ">" as
           redirection to a file.

           In addition to packages, groups can be specified as well. For example, if gnome is a
           defined package group, then pacman -S gnome will provide a prompt allowing you to select
           which packages to install from a numbered list. The package selection is specified using
           a space- and/or comma-separated list of package numbers. Sequential packages may be
           selected by specifying the first and last package numbers separated by a hyphen (-).
           Excluding packages is achieved by prefixing a number or range of numbers with a caret
           (^).

           Packages that provide other packages are also handled. For example, pacman -S foo will
           first look for a foo package. If foo is not found, packages that provide the same
           functionality as foo will be searched for. If any package is found, it will be installed.
           A selection prompt is provided if multiple packages providing foo are found.

           You can also use pacman -Su to upgrade all packages that are out-of-date. See Sync
           Options below. When upgrading, pacman performs version comparison to determine which
           packages need upgrading. This behavior operates as follows:

               Alphanumeric:
                 1.0a < 1.0b < 1.0beta < 1.0p < 1.0pre < 1.0rc < 1.0 < 1.0.a < 1.0.1
               Numeric:
                 1 < 1.0 < 1.1 < 1.1.1 < 1.2 < 2.0 < 3.0.0

           Additionally, version strings can have an _e_p_o_c_h value defined that will overrule any
           version comparison, unless the epoch values are equal. This is specified in an
           epoch:version-rel format. For example, 2:1.0-1 is always greater than 1:3.6-1.

       --TT,, ----ddeepptteesstt
           Check dependencies; this is useful in scripts such as makepkg to check installed
           packages. This operation will check each dependency specified and return a list of
           dependencies that are not currently satisfied on the system. This operation accepts no
           other options. Example usage: pacman -T qt "bash>=3.2".

       --UU,, ----uuppggrraaddee
           Upgrade or add package(s) to the system and install the required dependencies from sync
           repositories. Either a URL or file path can be specified. This is a "remove-then-add"
           process. See Upgrade Options below; also see Handling Config Files for an explanation on
           how pacman takes care of configuration files.

       --FF,, ----ffiilleess
           Query the files database. This operation allows you to look for packages owning certain
           files or display files owned by certain packages. Only packages that are part of your
           sync databases are searched. See File Options below.

       --VV,, ----vveerrssiioonn
           Display version and exit.

       --hh,, ----hheellpp
           Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied, then the general
           syntax is shown.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       --bb,, ----ddbbppaatthh <path>
           Specify an alternative database location (the default is /var/lib/pacman). This should
           not be used unless you know what you are doing.  NNOOTTEE: If specified, this is an absolute
           path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

       --rr,, ----rroooott <path>
           Specify an alternative installation root (default is /). This should not be used as a way
           to install software into /usr/local instead of /usr.  NNOOTTEE: If database path or log file
           are not specified on either the command line or in ppaaccmmaann..ccoonnff(5), their default location
           will be inside this root path.  NNOOTTEE: This option is not suitable for performing
           operations on a mounted guest system. See _-_-_s_y_s_r_o_o_t instead.

       --vv,, ----vveerrbboossee
           Output paths such as the Root, Conf File, DB Path, Cache Dirs, etc.

       ----aarrcchh <arch>
           Specify an alternate architecture.

       ----ccaacchheeddiirr <dir>
           Specify an alternative package cache location (the default is /var/cache/pacman/pkg).
           Multiple cache directories can be specified, and they are tried in the order they are
           passed to pacman.  NNOOTTEE: This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically
           prepended.

       ----ccoolloorr <when>
           Specify when to enable coloring. Valid options are _a_l_w_a_y_s, _n_e_v_e_r, or _a_u_t_o.  _a_l_w_a_y_s forces
           colors on; _n_e_v_e_r forces colors off; and _a_u_t_o only automatically enables colors when
           outputting onto a tty.

       ----ccoonnffiigg <file>
           Specify an alternate configuration file.

       ----ddeebbuugg
           Display debug messages. When reporting bugs, this option is recommended to be used.

       ----ggppggddiirr <dir>
           Specify a directory of files used by GnuPG to verify package signatures (the default is
           /etc/pacman.d/gnupg). This directory should contain two files: pubring.gpg and
           trustdb.gpg.  pubring.gpg holds the public keys of all packagers.  trustdb.gpg contains a
           so-called trust database, which specifies that the keys are authentic and trusted.  NNOOTTEE:
           This is an absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

       ----hhooookkddiirr <dir>
           Specify a alternative directory containing hook files (the default is
           /etc/pacman.d/hooks). Multiple hook directories can be specified with hooks in later
           directories taking precedence over hooks in earlier directories.  NNOOTTEE: This is an
           absolute path, and the root path is not automatically prepended.

       ----llooggffiillee <file>
           Specify an alternate log file. This is an absolute path, regardless of the installation
           root setting.

       ----nnooccoonnffiirrmm
           Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do this unless you
           want to run pacman from a script.

       ----ccoonnffiirrmm
           Cancels the effects of a previous _-_-_n_o_c_o_n_f_i_r_m.

       ----ddiissaabbllee--ddoowwnnllooaadd--ttiimmeeoouutt
           Disable defaults for low speed limit and timeout on downloads. Use this if you have
           issues downloading files with proxy and/or security gateway.

       ----ssyyssrroooott <dir>
           Specify an alternative system root. Pacman will chroot and chdir into the system root
           prior to running. This allows mounted guest systems to be properly operated on. Any other
           paths given will be interpreted as relative to the system root. Requires root privileges.

TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONN OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --SS,, --RR AANNDD --UU))
       --dd,, ----nnooddeeppss
           Skips dependency version checks. Package names are still checked. Normally, pacman will
           always check a package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are installed
           and there are no package conflicts in the system. Specify this option twice to skip all
           dependency checks.

       ----aassssuummee--iinnssttaalllleedd <package=version>
           Add a virtual package "package" with version "version" to the transaction to satisfy
           dependencies. This allows to disable specific dependency checks without affecting all
           dependency checks. To disable all dependency checking, see the _-_-_n_o_d_e_p_s option.

       ----ddbboonnllyy
           Adds/removes the database entry only, leaving all files in place.

       ----nnoopprrooggrreessssbbaarr
           Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful for scripts that
           call pacman and capture the output.

       ----nnoossccrriippttlleett
           If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this unless you know what
           you are doing.

       --pp,, ----pprriinntt
           Only print the targets instead of performing the actual operation (sync, remove or
           upgrade). Use _-_-_p_r_i_n_t_-_f_o_r_m_a_t to specify how targets are displayed. The default format
           string is "%l", which displays URLs with _-_S, file names with _-_U, and pkgname-pkgver with
           _-_R.

       ----pprriinntt--ffoorrmmaatt <format>
           Specify a printf-like format to control the output of the _-_-_p_r_i_n_t operation. The possible
           attributes are: "%n" for pkgname, "%v" for pkgver, "%l" for location, "%r" for
           repository, and "%s" for size. Implies _-_-_p_r_i_n_t.

UUPPGGRRAADDEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --SS AANNDD --UU))
       --ww,, ----ddoowwnnllooaaddoonnllyy
           Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything.

       ----aassddeeppss
           Install packages non-explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason to be
           installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other build-from-source tools
           that need to install dependencies before building the package.

       ----aasseexxpplliicciitt
           Install packages explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason to be explicitly
           installed. This is useful if you want to mark a dependency as explicitly installed so it
           will not be removed by the _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e remove operation.

       ----iiggnnoorree <package>
           Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one available. Multiple
           packages can be specified by separating them with a comma.

       ----iiggnnoorreeggrroouupp <group>
           Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of all packages in _g_r_o_u_p, even if there is one
           available. Multiple groups can be specified by separating them with a comma.

       ----nneeeeddeedd
           Do not reinstall the targets that are already up-to-date.

       ----oovveerrwwrriittee <glob>
           Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the package that is about
           to be installed contains files that are already installed and match _g_l_o_b, this option
           will cause all those files to be overwritten. Using _-_-_o_v_e_r_w_r_i_t_e will not allow
           overwriting a directory with a file or installing packages with conflicting files and
           directories. Multiple patterns can be specified by separating them with a comma. May be
           specified multiple times. Patterns can be negated, such that files matching them will not
           be overwritten, by prefixing them with an exclamation mark. Subsequent matches will
           override previous ones. A leading literal exclamation mark or backslash needs to be
           escaped.

QQUUEERRYY OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --QQ))
       --cc,, ----cchhaannggeelloogg
           View the ChangeLog of a package if it exists.

       --dd,, ----ddeeppss
           Restrict or filter output to packages installed as dependencies. This option can be
           combined with _-_t for listing real orphans - packages that were installed as dependencies
           but are no longer required by any installed package.

       --ee,, ----eexxpplliicciitt
           Restrict or filter output to explicitly installed packages. This option can be combined
           with _-_t to list explicitly installed packages that are not required by any other package.

       --gg,, ----ggrroouuppss
           Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not specified, list
           all grouped packages.

       --ii,, ----iinnffoo
           Display information on a given package. The _-_p option can be used if querying a package
           file instead of the local database. Passing two _-_-_i_n_f_o or _-_i flags will also display the
           list of backup files and their modification states.

       --kk,, ----cchheecckk
           Check that all files owned by the given package(s) are present on the system. If packages
           are not specified or filter flags are not provided, check all installed packages.
           Specifying this option twice will perform more detailed file checking (including
           permissions, file sizes, and modification times) for packages that contain the needed
           mtree file.

       --ll,, ----lliisstt
           List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be specified on the
           command line.

       --mm,, ----ffoorreeiiggnn
           Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync database(s).
           Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually and installed with _-_-_u_p_g_r_a_d_e.

       --nn,, ----nnaattiivvee
           Restrict or filter output to packages that are found in the sync database(s). This is the
           inverse filter of _-_-_f_o_r_e_i_g_n.

       --oo,, ----oowwnnss <file>
           Search for packages that own the specified file(s). The path can be relative or absolute,
           and one or more files can be specified.

       --pp,, ----ffiillee
           Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and not an entry in the
           database. The file will be decompressed and queried. This is useful in combination with
           _-_-_i_n_f_o and _-_-_l_i_s_t.

       --qq,, ----qquuiieett
           Show less information for certain query operations. This is useful when pacman's output
           is processed in a script. Search will only show package names and not version, group, and
           description information; owns will only show package names instead of "file is owned by
           pkg" messages; group will only show package names and omit group names; list will only
           show files and omit package names; check will only show pairs of package names and
           missing files; a bare query will only show package names rather than names and versions.

       --ss,, ----sseeaarrcchh <regexp>
           Search each locally-installed package for names or descriptions that match regexp. When
           including multiple search terms, only packages with descriptions matching ALL of those
           terms are returned.

       --tt,, ----uunnrreeqquuiirreedd
           Restrict or filter output to print only packages neither required nor optionally required
           by any currently installed package. Specify this option twice to include packages which
           are optionally, but not directly, required by another package.

       --uu,, ----uuppggrraaddeess
           Restrict or filter output to packages that are out-of-date on the local system. Only
           package versions are used to find outdated packages; replacements are not checked here.
           This option works best if the sync database is refreshed using _-_S_y.

RREEMMOOVVEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --RR))
       --cc,, ----ccaassccaaddee
           Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one or more target
           packages. This operation is recursive and must be used with care, since it can remove
           many potentially needed packages.

       --nn,, ----nnoossaavvee
           Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a file is removed
           from the system, the database is checked to see if the file should be renamed with a
           _._p_a_c_s_a_v_e extension.

       --ss,, ----rreeccuurrssiivvee
           Remove each target specified including all of their dependencies, provided that (A) they
           are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not explicitly installed by the
           user. This operation is recursive and analogous to a backwards _-_-_s_y_n_c operation, and it
           helps keep a clean system without orphans. If you want to omit condition (B), pass this
           option twice.

       --uu,, ----uunnnneeeeddeedd
           Removes targets that are not required by any other packages. This is mostly useful when
           removing a group without using the _-_c option, to avoid breaking any dependencies.

SSYYNNCC OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --SS))
       --cc,, ----cclleeaann
           Remove packages that are no longer installed from the cache as well as currently unused
           sync databases to free up disk space. When pacman downloads packages, it saves them in a
           cache directory. In addition, databases are saved for every sync DB you download from and
           are not deleted even if they are removed from the configuration file ppaaccmmaann..ccoonnff(5). Use
           one _-_-_c_l_e_a_n switch to only remove packages that are no longer installed; use two to
           remove all files from the cache. In both cases, you will have a yes or no option to
           remove packages and/or unused downloaded databases.

           If you use a network shared cache, see the _C_l_e_a_n_M_e_t_h_o_d option in ppaaccmmaann..ccoonnff(5).

       --gg,, ----ggrroouuppss
           Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group names are provided,
           all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to view all groups and their members.

       --ii,, ----iinnffoo
           Display information on a given sync database package. Passing two _-_-_i_n_f_o or _-_i flags will
           also display those packages in all repositories that depend on this package.

       --ll,, ----lliisstt
           List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories can be specified
           on the command line.

       --qq,, ----qquuiieett
           Show less information for certain sync operations. This is useful when pacman's output is
           processed in a script. Search will only show package names and not repository, version,
           group, and description information; list will only show package names and omit databases
           and versions; group will only show package names and omit group names.

       --ss,, ----sseeaarrcchh <regexp>
           This will search each package in the sync databases for names or descriptions that match
           regexp. When you include multiple search terms, only packages with descriptions matching
           ALL of those terms will be returned.

       --uu,, ----ssyyssuuppggrraaddee
           Upgrades all packages that are out-of-date. Each currently-installed package will be
           examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A report of all packages to upgrade will
           be presented, and the operation will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies
           are automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if necessary.

           Pass this option twice to enable package downgrades; in this case, pacman will select
           sync packages whose versions do not match with the local versions. This can be useful
           when the user switches from a testing repository to a stable one.

           Additional targets can also be specified manually, so that _-_S_u _f_o_o will do a system
           upgrade and install/upgrade the "foo" package in the same operation.

       --yy,, ----rreeffrreesshh
           Download a fresh copy of the master package database from the server(s) defined in
           ppaaccmmaann..ccoonnff(5). This should typically be used each time you use _-_-_s_y_s_u_p_g_r_a_d_e or _-_u.
           Passing two _-_-_r_e_f_r_e_s_h or _-_y flags will force a refresh of all package databases, even if
           they appear to be up-to-date.

DDAATTAABBAASSEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --DD))
       ----aassddeeppss <package>
           Mark a package as non-explicitly installed; in other words, set their install reason to
           be installed as a dependency.

       ----aasseexxpplliicciitt <package>
           Mark a package as explicitly installed; in other words, set their install reason to be
           explicitly installed. This is useful if you want to keep a package installed even when it
           was initially installed as a dependency of another package.

       --kk,, ----cchheecckk
           Check the local package database is internally consistent. This will check all required
           files are present and that installed packages have the required dependencies, do not
           conflict and that multiple packages do not own the same file. Specifying this option
           twice will perform a check on the sync databases to ensure all specified dependencies are
           available.

       --qq,, ----qquuiieett
           Suppress messages on successful completion of database operations.

FFIILLEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS ((AAPPPPLLYY TTOO --FF))
       --yy,, ----rreeffrreesshh
           Download fresh package databases from the server. Use twice to force a refresh even if
           databases are up to date.

       --ll,, ----lliisstt
           List the files owned by the queried package.

       --xx,, ----rreeggeexx
           Interpret each query as a regular expression.

       --qq,, ----qquuiieett
           Show less information for certain file operations. This is useful when pacman's output is
           processed in a script, however, you may want to use _-_-_m_a_c_h_i_n_e_r_e_a_d_a_b_l_e instead.

       ----mmaacchhiinneerreeaaddaabbllee
           Print each match in a machine readable output format. The format is
           _r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_y_\_0_p_k_g_n_a_m_e_\_0_p_k_g_v_e_r_\_0_p_a_t_h_\_n with _\_0 being the NULL character and _\_n a linefeed.

HHAANNDDLLIINNGG CCOONNFFIIGG FFIILLEESS
       Pacman uses the same logic as _r_p_m to determine action against files that are designated to be
       backed up. During an upgrade, three MD5 hashes are used for each backup file to determine the
       required action: one for the original file installed, one for the new file that is about to
       be installed, and one for the actual file existing on the file system. After comparing these
       three hashes, the following scenarios can result:

       original=X, current=X, new=X
           All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue. Install the new file.

       original=X, current=X, new=Y
           The current file is the same as the original, but the new one differs. Since the user did
           not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain improvements or bug fixes, install
           the new file.

       original=X, current=Y, new=X
           Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the file system has
           been modified. Leave the current file in place.

       original=X, current=Y, new=Y
           The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.

       original=X, current=Y, new=Z
           All three files are different, so install the new file with a _._p_a_c_n_e_w extension and warn
           the user. The user must then manually merge any necessary changes into the original file.

       original=NULL, current=Y, new=Z
           The package was not previously installed, and the file already exists on the file system.
           Install the new file with a _._p_a_c_n_e_w extension and warn the user. The user must then
           manually merge any necessary changes into the original file.

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
       pacman -Ss ne.hack
           Search for regexp "ne.hack" in package database.

       pacman -S gpm
           Download and install gpm including dependencies.

       pacman -U /home/user/ceofhack-0.6-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.gz
           Install ceofhack-0.6-1 package from a local file.

       pacman -Syu
           Update package list and upgrade all packages afterwards.

       pacman -Syu gpm
           Update package list, upgrade all packages, and then install gpm if it wasn't already
           installed.

CCOONNFFIIGGUURRAATTIIOONN
       See ppaaccmmaann..ccoonnff(5) for more details on configuring pacman using the _p_a_c_m_a_n_._c_o_n_f file.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       aallppmm--hhooookkss(5), lliibbaallppmm(3), mmaakkeeppkkgg(8), ppaaccmmaann..ccoonnff(5)

       See the pacman website at https://archlinux.org/pacman/ for current information on pacman and
       its related tools.

BBUUGGSS
       Bugs? You must be kidding; there are no bugs in this software. But if we happen to be wrong,
       submit a bug report with as much detail as possible at the Arch Linux Bug Tracker in the
       Pacman section.

AAUUTTHHOORRSS
       Current maintainers:

       +o   Allan McRae <allan@archlinux.org>

       +o   Andrew Gregory <andrew.gregory.8@gmail.com>

       +o   Eli Schwartz <eschwartz@archlinux.org>

       +o   Morgan Adamiec <morganamilo@archlinux.org>

       Past major contributors:

       +o   Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org>

       +o   Aurelien Foret <aurelien@archlinux.org>

       +o   Aaron Griffin <aaron@archlinux.org>

       +o   Dan McGee <dan@archlinux.org>

       +o   Xavier Chantry <shiningxc@gmail.com>

       +o   Nagy Gabor <ngaba@bibl.u-szeged.hu>

       +o   Dave Reisner <dreisner@archlinux.org>

       For additional contributors, use git shortlog -s on the pacman.git repository.

Pacman 6.0.1                                 2022-01-08                                    PACMAN(8)