diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
index 1d2cb99959c9..ca85e0a0e26a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
@@ -384,6 +384,13 @@ jobs:
             run-options: >-
               -e ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER=ON
               -e ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT=RPM
+          - image: ubuntu-cpp-odbc
+            title: AMD64 Ubuntu DEB Release
+            build-type: release
+            format: deb
+            run-options: >-
+              -e ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER=ON
+              -e ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT=DEB
           # GH-49582: TODO Enable Debian build for ODBC
           # - image: debian-cpp-odbc
           #   title: AMD64 Debian
@@ -415,8 +422,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: .docker
-          key: ${{ matrix.image }}-${{ matrix.build-type }}-${{ hashFiles('cpp/**') }}
-          restore-keys: ${{ matrix.image }}-${{ matrix.build-type }}-
+          key: ${{ matrix.image }}-${{ matrix.build-type }}-${{ matrix.format }}-${{ hashFiles('cpp/**') }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ matrix.image }}-${{ matrix.build-type }}-${{ matrix.format }}-
       - name: Setup Python on hosted runner
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
@@ -437,8 +444,8 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.build-type == 'release'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
-          name: flight-sql-odbc-pkg-installer-${{ matrix.format }}
-          path: build/cpp/ArrowFlightSqlOdbcODBC-*.${{ matrix.format }}
+          name: flight-sql-odbc-${{ matrix.format }}-installer
+          path: build/cpp/ArrowFlightSqlOdbc-*.${{ matrix.format }}
           if-no-files-found: error
 
       - name: Docker Push
@@ -564,7 +571,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: flight-sql-odbc-pkg-installer-${{ matrix.architecture }}
-          path: build/cpp/ArrowFlightSqlOdbcODBC-*.pkg
+          path: build/cpp/ArrowFlightSqlOdbc-*.pkg
           if-no-files-found: error
       - name: Register Flight SQL ODBC Driver
         run: |
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
index eca5495b12f0..c13c6b27cbc0 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         ccache \
         cmake \
         curl \
+        file \
         gdb \
         git \
         libbenchmark-dev \
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/CMakeLists.txt b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/CMakeLists.txt
index fa6c0938d871..8c576ae66ee1 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER)
         "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/install/windows/arrow-wix-banner.bmp")
   else()
     set(ODBC_UNIX_FILE_NAME
-        "ArrowFlightSqlOdbcODBC-${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}.${ODBC_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR}.${ODBC_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH}"
+        "ArrowFlightSqlOdbc-${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}.${ODBC_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR}.${ODBC_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH}"
     )
     if(APPLE)
       set(CPACK_PACKAGE_FILE_NAME "${ODBC_UNIX_FILE_NAME}")
@@ -178,13 +178,21 @@ if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER)
       # Linux
       set(CPACK_PACKAGE_INSTALL_DIRECTORY "${CPACK_PACKAGE_NAME}")
       if(${ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT} STREQUAL "DEB")
-        # GH-49595 TODO: implement DEB installer
-        message(STATUS "ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT DEB not implemented, see GH-49595")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE amd64)
+        set(CPACK_GENERATOR DEB)
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_CONTROL_EXTRA
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/install/linux/postinst")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_FILE_NAME "${ODBC_UNIX_FILE_NAME}.deb")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_MAINTAINER "${CPACK_PACKAGE_CONTACT}")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_SHLIBDEPS OFF)
+        # Exclude Unspecified components
+        set(CPACK_DEB_COMPONENT_INSTALL ON)
+        set(CPACK_COMPONENTS_GROUPING ALL_COMPONENTS_IN_ONE)
       elseif(${ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT} STREQUAL "RPM")
         set(CPACK_RPM_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE x86_64)
         set(CPACK_GENERATOR RPM)
         set(CPACK_RPM_POST_INSTALL_SCRIPT_FILE
-            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/install/linux/rpm/postinstall")
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/install/linux/postinst")
         set(CPACK_RPM_FILE_NAME "${ODBC_UNIX_FILE_NAME}.rpm")
         # Disable dependency check as ODBC embeds all third party dependencies
         set(CPACK_RPM_PACKAGE_AUTOREQPROV "no")
@@ -231,7 +239,7 @@ if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER)
     install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../../../../LICENSE.txt"
             DESTINATION "${DOC_INSTALL_DIR}"
             COMPONENT Docs)
-    install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Connection-Options.md"
+    install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/connection-options.md"
             DESTINATION "${DOC_INSTALL_DIR}"
             COMPONENT Docs)
   endif()
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/install/linux/rpm/postinstall b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/install/linux/postinst
similarity index 100%
rename from cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/install/linux/rpm/postinstall
rename to cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/install/linux/postinst